William B. Langdon

Curriculum Vitae

Education
Professional History
External Recognition
Appointments
Career Summary
Presentations
Publications

Education

University College, London, PhD in Computer Science.

Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, UK. MA in Natural Science (physics, first class).

Professional History

1980-89 Central Electricity Research Laboratories, Research Officer, distributed real time database for process control.

1989-93 Logica, Project Manager/Team leader/Technical co-ordinator for network and office automation projects and regional gas control system.

1993-96 University College London, research into the evolution and use of data structures, and scheduling maintenance of electricity transmission networks.

1996-98 University of Birmingham, research on understanding and means of improving evolutionary computation techniques.

1998-2000 CWI, Research on Evolutionary techniques, particularly their use within multi-agent systems for e-commerce, internet trading, user profiling and data mining.

2000-2003 UCL, Research on data mining particularly for pharmaceuticals

2004-2006 University of Essex, eXtening Particle Swarms

2006-2008 University of Essex, Alternative splicing via GeneChips

2008-2010 King's College, London, Higher Order Mutation Testing and Genetic Interface Programming

2010- University College, London, Genetic Improvement of Software

External Recognition

Publications Books (author) 3

Books (editor) 21

Book chapters 15

Academic Articles 42

Journals (misc) 30

Conferences 117

Trade Journals 11

Technical reports 36

Other 29

Total 304

Presentations Invited 9

Seminars 75

Conference and workshop 95

EvoStar 2008 Award in recognition of the most outstanding contribution to Evolutionary Computation.

Prizes awarded Fellow of the International Society for Genetic & Evolutionary Computation.

Human Competitive Award 2014 ``Humie'' [286]

Winner SSBSE 2014 best challenge track paper [225]

Worshipful Company of Scientific Instrument Makers for best paper published in their journal (2001) [284].

Best paper at Italian AI*IA 2005 Workshop on Evolutionary Computation

Honor Award WSC conference (1997) [117].

Appointments

Editorships

I am the resource review editor for Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines

Member of the editorial board of of Evolutionary Computation

Associate Editor ACM Transactions on Evolutionary Learning and Optimization

Advances in Genetic Programming 3, MIT Press, 1999 [6]

Genetic Programming, Proceedings of EuroGP'99, Springer-Verlag [7]

Genetic Programming, Proceedings of EuroGP'2000, Springer-Verlag [8]

Genetic Programming, Proceedings of EuroGP'2001, Springer-Verlag [9]

Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO-2001), Morgan Kaufmann [10]

Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO-2002), Morgan Kaufmann [5]

CIGPU 2008, Special session IEEE WCCI [11]

CIGPU 2009, GECCO Workshop [12]

CIGPU 2010, Special session IEEE WCCI [13]

Foundations of Genetic Algorithms 2011, [15]

CIGPU 2011, GECCO Workshop [14]

EvoPAR 2012, 1st EvoApplications track on Parallel Architectures and Distributed Infrastructures [16]

CIGPU 2012, Special session IEEE WCCI [17]

Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO-2014) (GP track) [18]

Genetic Improvement 2015, GECCO Workshop [4]

Genetic Improvement and SBSE Special Session at WCCI-2016 [19]

Genetic Improvement 2017, GECCO Workshop (part of [20])

Genetic Improvement of Software: Report from Dagstuhl Seminar 18052 [24]

Genetic Improvement 2018, ICSE Workshop [21]

Genetic Improvement 2019, ICSE Workshop [22]

Genetic Improvement 2021, ICSE Workshop [23]

Late Breaking Papers at Euro-GP'98, in formal [260]

Late Breaking Papers at Euro-GP'99, in formal [259]

Foundations of Genetic Programming, GECCO'99 workshop, in formal [261]

Professional Bodies and Learned Societies

Member of EvoNet, the european network of excellence in evolutionary computation, including being a founder member of EvoGP (its sub group on Genetic Programming).

Chartered engineer C Eng, FEANI registered engineer Eur Ing.

Peer Review Committees

Grant Proposal Reviews, etc.

I have reviewed EPSRC, Science Foundation of Ireland, Research Grants Council Hong Kong, and British Council proposals.
I have audited research within Colorado State University, University of Limerick and University College Dublin.
I have chaired selection panels for new members of the British Computer Society.
I have refereed submissions for various British Computer Society prizes.
I have reviewed book and journal proposals.
Member European SPECIES PhD travel scholarship panel.

Journal Reviews

I have reviewed submissions to

Annals of Operations Research
Applied Intelligence
Artificial Life
Theoretical Computer Science
Computational Intelligence
Journal of Machine Learning Research
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
Systems, Man and Cybernetics
Knowledge Engineering Review
Journal of Systems and Software
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
BioSystems
BMC Bioinformatics
Knowledge and Information Systems
International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications
Complex Systems
Computer Physics Communications
Cybernetics and Systems
International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications
the International Journal of Innovative Computing and Applications
Nucleic Acids Research
Trends in Genetics
IPSI Transactions
Computers & Operations Research
Natural Computing
Soft Computing
Applied Intelligence
Applied Soft Computing
Intelligent Automation and Soft Computing (AutoSoft)
Parallel Computing
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Date Engineering
Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering
Information and Software Technology
4OR

Organising Committees

Organised and chaired panel discussion, GP-97
Workshop on Evolutionary Computation with Variable Size Representation, ICGA-97
Publicity Chair, EuroGP-99
Policy committee, GECCO-99
Theoretical aspects of GP, GECCO-99 (workshop)
Publicity Chair, EuroGP2000
Policy committee, GECCO 2000
Gene Expression workshop GECCO 2000
Publication Chair, EuroGP2001
Chairman GP track GECCO 2001
Proceedings Editor GECCO 2002
Chair WCCI-2008 Special Session Computational Intelligence on Consumer Games and Graphics Hardware, CIGPU 2008
Co-chair GECCO-2009 workshop Computational Intelligence on Consumer Games and Graphics Hardware, CIGPU 2009
Co-chair WCCI-2010 Special Session Computational Intelligence on Consumer Games and Graphics Hardware, CIGPU 2010
Co-chair Foundations of Genetic Algorithms (FOGA) 2011
Co-chair GECCO-2011 workshop Computational Intelligence on Consumer Games and Graphics Hardware, CIGPU 2011
Co-chair WCCI-2012 Special Session Computational Intelligence on Consumer Games and Graphics Hardware, CIGPU 2012
Co-chair EvoApplications track on Parallel Architectures and Distributed Infrastructures EvoPAR 2012
Co-chair GP track at GECCO 2014
Co-chair GECCO-2015 workshop on the Genetic Improvement of Software
Co-chair WCCI-2016 Special Session on Genetic Improvement and SBSE, GI@CEC-2016
Co-chair GECCO-2017 workshop on the Genetic Improvement of Software
Co-chair Annual ``Humies'' Awards For Human-Competitive Results, GECCO 2017
Organiser Initiated and co-organised first Dagstuhl seminar on the Genetic Improvement of Software
Co-chair GI 2018 @ ICSE workshop on the Genetic Improvement of Software
Co-chair Annual ``Humies'' Awards For Human-Competitive Results, GECCO 2018
Co-chair GI 2019 @ ICSE workshop on the Genetic Improvement of Software
Co-chair Annual ``Humies'' Awards For Human-Competitive Results, GECCO 2019
Co-chair Annual ``Humies'' Awards For Human-Competitive Results, GECCO 2020

Program Committees

Advances in Genetic Programming 2
IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computing 1996 workshop on Constraint Optimisation and Satisfaction
Genetic Programming 96
First International Workshop on Machine Learning, Forecasting and Optimization, MALFO96, Spain
Genetic Programming 97
Workshop on Evolutionary Computation with Variable Size Representation, ICGA-97
Second World Congress on Computational Intelligence IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computing 1998 WCCI/ICEC'98
First European Workshop on Genetic Programming 1998 EUROGP'98
Genetic Programming 98
Foundations of Genetic Algorithms (FOGA) 98
Second European Workshop on Genetic Programming 1999 EUROGP'99
First European workshop on evolutionary image analysis and signal processing EvoISAP'99
Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) 99
Third European Conference on Genetic Programming EUROGP 2000
Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) 2000
Foundations of Genetic Algorithms (FOGA) 2000
Advances in Evolutionary Computation
Fourth European Conference on Genetic Programming EUROGP 2001
First International Conference on Evolutionary Multi-Criterion Optimization (EMO'01)
6th Online World Conference on Soft Computing in industrial applications (WSC6)
2002 Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) 2002
Fifth European Conference on Genetic Programming EUROGP 2002
Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) 2002
First workshop on Grammatical Evolution GE 2002
Foundations of Genetic Algorithms (FOGA) 2002
VIII Iberoamerican Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IBERAMIA'02)
Second International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS'02)
The 5th International Conference on Evolvable Systems: From Biology to Hardware (ICES'03)
Sixth European Conference on Genetic Programming EUROGP 2003
1st European Workshop on Evolutionary Bioinformatics (EvoBIO 2003)
Genetic Programming: Theory and Practise (2003) Kluwer
Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) 2003
Seventh European Conference on Genetic Programming EUROGP 2004
Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) 2004
Third workshop on Grammatical Evolution GE 2004
Neutral Evolution in Evolutionary Computation GECCO workshop 2004
Foundations of Genetic Algorithms (FOGA 8) 2005
8th European Conference on Genetic Programming EUROGP 2005
3rd European Workshop on Evolutionary Bioinformatics (EvoBIO 2005)
3rd European Workshop on Evolutionary Music and Art (EvoMusArt 2005)
$19^{th}$ International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-05)
9th European Conference on Genetic Programming EUROGP 2006
4th European Workshop on Evolutionary and Machine Learning in Bioinformatics (EvoBIO 2006)
5th International Workshop on Ant Colony Optimisation and Swarm Intelligence (ANTS 2006)
Genetic Programming: Theory and Practise (2006) Springer
Knowledge-Driven Computing book chapter (2007)
3rd Asia-Pacific Workshop on Genetic Programming, Hanoi (2006)
6th International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS'06) and 4th Conference on Neuro-Computing and Evolving Intelligence (NCEI 2006), Auckland
9th Foundations of Genetic Algorithms (FOGA IX), Mexico
EvoPhD 2007 Second European Graduate Student Workshop on Evolutionary Computation Valencia, Spain
First European Workshop on Bio-inspired algorithms for continuous parameter optimisation (EvoNUM 2008)
11th European Conference on Genetic Programming EUROGP 2008
6th European Workshop on Evolutionary Bioinformatics EvoBIO 2008
Third European Graduate Student Workshop on Evolutionary Computation EvoPhD 2008
Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) 2008
GECCO 2008 Graduate Student Workshop
6th International Conference on Ant Colony Optimisation and Swarm Intelligence (ANTS 2008)
10th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature (PPSN X)
WSC 2008 Online World Conference on Soft Computing
Foundations of Genetic Algorithms FOGA 2009
12th European Conference on Genetic Programming EUROGP 2009
2nd European Workshop on Bio-inspired algorithms for continuous parameter optimisation EvoNUM 2009
1st European Workshop on Bio-inspired Algorithms in Games EvoGAMES 2009
Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) 2009
Computational Intelligence on Consumer Games and Graphics Hardware (CIGPU-2009)
2nd Workshop on Parallel Architectures and Bioinspired Algorithms (Bioinspired 2009)
13th European Conference on Genetic Programming EUROGP 2010
3rd European Workshop on Bio-inspired algorithms for continuous parameter optimisation EvoNUM 2010
Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) 2010
International Conference on Model-Based Reasoning in Science and Technology: Abduction, Logic, and Computational Discovery, Brazil, 2009 MBR'09_BRAZIL
14th European Conference on Genetic Programming EUROGP 2011
2nd European workshop on nature inspired methods for intelligent systems EvoIntelligence 2011
15th Portuguese Conference on Artificial Intelligence: Artificial Life and Evolutionary Algorithms ALEAEPIA 2011
3rd International Symposium on Search Based Software Engineering SSBSE 2011
3rd Knowledge and Systems Engineering (KSE'2011)
Bio-inspired algorithms for continuous parameter optimisation EvoNUM 2012
15th European Conference on Genetic Programming EUROGP 2012
IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence WCCI 2012
Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) 2012
Foundations of Genetic Algorithms (FOGA) 2013
16th European Conference on Genetic Programming EUROGP 2013
EvoINDUSTRY 2013
EvoPAR 2013
EvoNUM 2013
Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) 2013
5th International Symposium on Search Based Software Engineering SSBSE 2013
15th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing SYNASC 2013
EvoPAR 2014
EvoNUM 2014
17th European Conference on Genetic Programming EUROGP 2014
Australasian Conference on Artificial Life and Computational Intelligence ACALCI 2015
18th European Conference on Genetic Programming EUROGP 2015
MEGA 2015, Effective Methods in Algebraic Geometry, University of Trento, Italy
Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) 2015
CIBCB 2015 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
EvoPAR 2016
19th European Conference on Genetic Programming EUROGP 2016
EvoNUM 2016
Special Session on Optimization, Learning, and Decision-Making in Bioinformatics and Bioengineering (OLDBB) at IEEE CEC 2016
Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) 2016
14th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature (PPSN XIV)
Foundations of Genetic Algorithms FOGA 2017
Book chapter, OUP
9th International Conference on Evolutionary Multi-Criterion Optimization (EMO 2017)
Parallel Architectures and Distributed Infrastructures (EvoPAR 2017)
Bio-inspired algorithms for continuous parameter optimisation (EvoNUM 2017)
Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) 2017
GECCO 2017 student workshop
18th EPIA Conference on Artificial Intelligence
21st European Conference on Genetic Programming EuroGP 2018
Bio-inspired algorithms for continuous parameter optimisation (EvoNUM 2018)
Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) 2018
15th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature (PPSN XV)
22nd European Conference on Genetic Programming EUROGP 2019
Evostar 2019
2019 International Aegean Conference on Electrical Machines and Power Electronics (ACEMP) & 2019 International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (OPTIM)
Foundations of Genetic Algorithms FOGA 2019
Artificial Evolution EA 2019
16th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature (PPSN XVI)
24th European Conference on Genetic Programming EUROGP 2021

Career Summary

1980-89 Central Electricity Research Laboratories

Part of team which designed and implemented one of the first distributed real time databases for use within industrial process control systems. I was responsible for the database schema processing. Papers describing this system were presented at the BNCOD series of conferences and IEE events.

I was responsible for the design, construction and testing of a computer system to monitor the interlock system at Dinorwig pump storage power system (the UK's only major ``on-demand'' electricity generation system). The 18KV subsystem is one of the more complex, comprising twin busbars, 6 pump/generators and twin startup plant all with isolators and breakers. There had been significant design problems with the original interlock system which was relay based.

1989-93 Logica

1992-93 - British Gas Exploration and Production

Whilst with Logica I led the team which enhanced British Gas' Company Office System (COS) and customised it for use in the USA including installing it at BG's USA oil head quarters in Houston, Texas where it was used by 200 staff.

Following this success I was the technical co-ordinator for the combined BG/Logica team which rolled out the new version of COS at another 4 sites and two offshore gas fields (500 users, 335 new or upgraded PCs, 60 km of cables).

1989-92 - British Gas South Eastern

Leader of the team which designed, implemented, tested and installed the telemetry interface for a new geographically distributed regional control system. Eventually becoming project manager and saw the system accepted and paid for by the customer. This system controls the gas supply to more than 2 million customers through 16,000 miles of pipes, it was delivered on time and made substantially more than planned profit.

1993-96 PhD University College London

Before I joined UCL Computer Science department in October 1993, I decided to change my career from practising software engineering to research of it. For my PhD [1] I studied evolutionary computational techniques, investigating their use to solve real world problems and the importance of abstract data structures to them.

I undertook research into how software engineering techniques, such as data abstraction, can benefit evolutionary computation [112,25,113]. Data abstraction is very powerful, for example it enables real software to be constructed using abstract data models such as ``files'' which enable real physical devices (e.g. spinning iron oxide) to be used with no knowledge on the part of the ``high level'' programmer. I showed some examples where abstract data types are indeed beneficial to problem solving using evolutionary computation.

I worked with The National Grid Company plc. to solve one of their major scheduling problems; planning the maintenance of the UK's high-voltage electricity network [114,27,115].

Whilst at UCL I was also involved with undergraduate teaching and supervision of MSc. students, some of whom have also worked with The National Grid Company plc.

I created and now maintain the GP bibliography [26]. Finally I was the PhD students unofficial social secretary, organising lunches, after hours events as well as more formal seminars and presentations.

1996-98 RA, University of Birmingham

Following my PhD I started work as a research fellow within the School of Computer Science at the University of Birmingham. I critically investigated genetic programming (GP) in order to assess its future applicability to multi-agent simulations.

I developed a quantitative model of GP performance in one benchmark problem [116]. In another, I highlighted GP's surprisingly poor performance and used fitness landscape and building block analysis to suggest why this might be so [121]. Other investigations have considered the problem of growth in code size in GP, stressing the importance of the fitness function and showing other evolutionary techniques also have the same problem [117,235,118,119,120].

We also produced a schema theorem for GP [66,196,199] and new types of crossover [195] as well as highlighting aspects of the existing GP crossover operator [197,198].

I was also active in the EEBIC group, organising and giving seminars and creating the award winning EEBIC www demonstration pages. These include Java demonstrations of genetic algorithm maintenance scheduling. I also supervised advanced MSc students (e.g. [262]).

1998-2000 CWI, Amsterdam

In the Evolutionary Systems and Applied Algorithmics group (SEN4) I investigated evolutionary algorithms, particularly their application within multi-agent systems for e-commerce and economic simulations, Internet trading, user profiling and data mining (road safety, natural language processing etc.). Investigation of n-grams for natural language text classification showed they are in themselves very powerful and could achieve results on a par with a much more sophisticated (and computer resource intensive) technique [240]. I also applied GP to a mixed commercial dataset of insurance data. On entering the Benelearn'99 data mining competition GP had the highest score of the automatic techniques entered (coming third after two human data mining experts guiding semi-automated techniques) [265].

I continued my theoretical studies of evolutionary computation [122,40,41,239,125].

I organised the group's seminars (34, including 8 from international speakers) and have supervised master students [202].

While based at CWI, I visited both Dortmund University [126] and Chalmers University in Göteborg [124]. Including giving a ``Guest Lecture'' based on my book to undergraduates.

2000-2003 RA, University College London

I worked on the Faraday INTErSECT project on Intelligent Data Analysis and Fusion Techniques in Pharmaceuticals, Bioprocessing and Process Control. and followup EPSRC RAIS secondment with GlaxoSmithKline's Data Exploration Sciences group. There are many such data mining techniques. Indeed some are commercially available. However the intelligent application of them remains an art rather an automated process. Similarly it is not clear how to use them in combination or fuse their results. I showed the use of evolutionary approaches to combining classifiers, particularly for pharmaceutical data mining.

During Summer 2000 I visited Chalmers University in Sweden for a second time and worked with them on their prototype, human like robot, Elvis. We concentrated on Elvis learning to integrate its stereo vision with its arm actuators [128]. During the spring of 2004 I visited Memorial University in Canada [45].

I continued my theoretical studies of evolutionary computation [2], did some consultancy work and assessment.

2004-2006 RA, University of Essex

I was the senior research assistant on the EPSRC's eXtended Particle Swarm XPS optimisation project. We have been both mathematically analysing existing PSO and proposing improvements. We used GP to propose new optimisation test benchmarks and evolve novel specialised PSOs.

2006-2008 RA, University of Essex

BBSRC project on data mining Affymetrix GeneChip datasets to investigate alternative splicing, principally in humans. Created tools for detecting defects in tens of thousands of GeneChips and discovered systematic problems in GeneChip probe design (runs of Guanine etc.). Created RNAnet which provides immediate online access to cleaned up mRNA measurements for all Homosapien genes and analysis tools to investigate gene expression and correlation (positive and negative) in human gene expression. Results include improved methods for detection of spatial and non-spatial faults in GeneChips and systematic biological non-correlation across and between human exons of the same gene.

Initiated use of parallel genetic programming interpreters on low cost consumer graphics hardware (GPUs). This has lead to more than 100 publications world wide.

Demonstrated the high speed parallel production of quality pseudo random numbers on GPUs. Before this it was widely, but incorrectly, reported GPUs could not create PRNGs and they would be imported from the host PC.

Continued theoretical analysis of genetic programming, including reporting repetitive patterns created by crossover and, via the GP bibliography, analysis of the GP research community itself.

2008-2010 RA, King's College, London

I applied genetic search to Software Engineering, in particular to higher order mutation testing. Including multi-objective mutation testing. Applying interactive evolution to personalise tools for software engineers. More recent work includes using grammar based GP to re-engineer nVidia CUDA software.

On joining King's I continued to use my RNAnet tool developed at Essex and with King's Genomic Centre we reported for the first time in silico DNA sequence contamination in the human reference genome [76]. I used RNAnet to confirm mycoplasma contamination in published data.

Theoretical analysis of genetic programming included scaling rules.

2010- Senior (now Professorial) Research Associate, University College, London

I extended my GISMO research on evolving improved software to larger systems, notably Bowtie2, which consists of 50000 lines of C++ code. I obtained a 70 fold speed up with a small average quality improvement for a special case.

Recent work has shown GGGP can also be applied to speeding up both legacy and current parallel code. The GI improvements are now incorporated into the GI enhanced Barracuda DNA sequence alignment GPU-based tool and evolved SSE code has also adopted by the RNAfold RNA secondary structure prediction tool. Indeed genetic improvement can also be applied to embedded data within code, as well as the code itself, giving improved functionality, or indeed new functionality.

Demonstrated the formal concept analysis (FCA) close-by-one algorithm as parallel beam search on GPUs using CUDA.

I found a second Mycoplasma gene in the NCBI human genome reference database. Recent work on Bioinformatics has data mined published DNA sequences to show more wide spread contamination by Mycoplasma in wetware microbiology laboratories. Within a few weeks my publication [60] of Mycoplasma contamination in the 1000 genomes project was classed as Highly accessed. Its citations include an article published in Nature.

Theoretical analysis included studying GP fitness landscapes as combinations of elementary landscapes and initial investigations of C++ program landscapes.

Presentations

General Audience

Invited presentation to the Dutch Neural Network society (VANN), Utrecht, 26 November 1998.

Presentation on Drug Discovery, Savoy Place, London, 12 February 2004.

Invited Speaker

Nov 2002: VIII Iberoamerican Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IBERAMIA'02), Seville, Spain.
Dec 2002: Second International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS'02) Universidad de Chile, Chile.
Nov 2004: Journee Evolutionnaire Trimestrielle (JET), Meeting of evolutionary computing society of France, Rene Descartes University, Paris.
Jun 2012: Mendel 2012 18th International Conference on Soft Computing, June 27-29, Brno, Czech Republic.
Sep 2013: SICSA Self-Adaptive Emergent Autonomous Bio-Inspired Systems (SEABIS) workshop (invited talk)
Oct 2013: Artificial Evolution 2013 11th Biennial International Conference on Artificial Evolution (EA-2013) 21-23 October, Bordeaux.
Sep 2014: SYNASC 2014 16th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, 22-25 September, Timisoara.
Sep 2015: SSBSE 2015 7th International Symposium on Search-Based Software Engineering, SSBSE-2015, Bergamo, Italy, 5-7 September.

Presentations to Technical Audiences

Examination of Evolutionary Computation

Feb 1997: Presentation at University of Edinburgh
Jul 1997: GP-97 [82]
Chaired panel discussion
Presented paper [116]
Poster presentation on bloating
Chaired plenary session
Jul 1997: Co-chaired (and presented [235]) workshop on Variable Length Representations at ICGA.
Dec 1997: Presented paper at ET-97 workshop
Apr 1998: EuroGP-98 workshop
Presented 2 papers [118,120]
Presented poster [236]
Member of panel discussion.
May 1998: WCCI-98 [119]
Chaired session
Jul 1998: GP-98 [121]
Chaired session
Jan 1999: Seminar at Leiden University [28]
Apr 1999: Seminar at Dortmund University
May 1999: Seminar at Dortmund University
May 1999: Co-chaired second European workshop on GP, Göteborg, Sweden [7]
Chairing sessions
Judging students
Presenting [122]
Jul 1999: GECCO-99 [123]
GP/EHW Programme policy committee
GP/EHW paper selection
Co-chair Foundations of GP workshop [261]
Presented paper at FOGP [239]
Panel member for graduate student workshop [84]
Sep 1999: Seminar at Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden
Oct 1999: Seminar at Limerick University
Nov 1999: Seminar at Birmingham University
Nov 1999: BNAIC-99 and Benelearn'99
Chaired session [85]
Presented [123] (co-author [202])
Entered Benelearn'99 data mining competition [265] http://www.swi.psy.uva.nl/benelearn99/comppage.html
Apr 2000: Co-chaired third European Conference on GP, Edinburgh [8]
Chaired session
Presenting [124]
Jul 2000: GECCO-2000 [125]
GP/EHW Programme policy committee
GP/EHW paper selection
Co-chair student workshop
Programme committee Gene Expression workshop
Presented ``journal showcase'' [40]
Presented late breaking paper [240]
Chaired session
Sep 2000: Seminar at Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden
Sep 2000: PPSN'2000 presented [126]
Oct 2000: Seminar at Aberdeen University
Apr 2001: Seminar at Hertford University
Apr 2001: Co-chaired Fourth European Conference on GP, Milan Italy [9]
Chairing sessions
Presented 2 papers [127,128]
May 2001: Seminar in Amsterdam
Jun 2001: Seminar at Birkbeck College
Jun 2001: Invited to EPSRC workshop on Biologically Inspired Computational Systems
Jul 2001: MCS-2001, presented [130]
Jul 2001: GECCO-2001 [10]
GP deme programme chair
Evolvable Hardware special track programme chair
chaired discussion ``Strings and Schema Theory of Evolutionary Computation''
presented [129]
Chaired session
Aug 2001: Seminar at Limerick University
Dec 2001: Essex University
Jan 2002: Dagstuhl, Theory of Evolutionary Algorithms
Feb 2002: EPSRC ``Software Evolution and Evolutionary Computation'' symposium
22 Feb 2002: (page 90), Seminar in Amsterdam
Apr 2002: Fifth European Conference on GP, Ireland, Chaired session
Presented [132]
May 2002: Seminar Cambridge
Jul 2002: GECCO-2002 [5]
Editor-in-chief
presented [133] and ``late breaking paper''
Chaired sessions
Sep 2002: FOGA-7
presented [134]
Official photographer (examples)
Oct 2002: BNAIC-2002
Chaired session [88]
Oct 2002: Knowledge Discovery meets Drug Discovery, Leuven, Belgium [268] (poster)
Oct 2002: Seminar in Amsterdam
Dec 2002: Seminar in Santiago, Chile
Apr 2003: EvoBio-2002 [136]
May 2003: University of Michigan (CSCS) Genetic Programming: Theory and Practice [29]
May 2003: Seminar in Fort Collins (Colorado State University)
Jun 2003: Presentations to EPSRC MIPNETS workshop
Jul 2003: GECCO-2003
presentation at BioGEC'2003 workshop
presented [137]
chaired sessions (2)
Jan 2004: Seminar Mathematics Dept. King's College, London
Feb 2004: Dagstuhl, Theory of Evolutionary Algorithms
chaired final session
Apr 2004: EuroGP-2004 [139]
May 2004: Seminar and
Tutorial in Memorial University of Newfoundland
Jun 2004: GECCO-2004
presented late breaking paper [45]
chaired sessions (2)
Nov 2004: Seminar School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham
Jan 2005: FOGA 8 ``Backward Chaining Evolutionary Algorithms'' for R. Poli
Mar 2005: Eighth European Conference on GP, Switzerland Chaired opening session
Presented [142]
Apr 2005: Memetic Theory in Artificial Systems and Societies, METAS 2005, AISB 2005 Convention, University of Hertfordshire, UK. Presented [47]
Jun 2005: Seminar Netherlands research institute for Mathematics and Computer Science
Sep 2005: CEC-2005
presented paper [141]

chaired session
Sep 2005: University of Gent, Department of Philosophy and Moral Science
Oct 2005: BNIAC-2005
presented short paper
member best paper jury
Nov 2005: Kent University
Feb 2006: Dagstuhl, Theory of Evolutionary Algorithms
Apr 2006: Ninth European Conference on GP, Hungary
Panel member for European Graduate Student Workshop on Evolutionary Computation
Presented [145]
May 2006: Seminar University College Dublin
May 2006: Genetic Programming: Theory and Practice IV presentation of [285]
Jul 2006: IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence
Presented [210] [147]
chaired session
Sep 2006: Unconventional Computing 06
Presented [50]
chaired session
Nov 2006: Seminar Aston University
Jun 2007: Seminar in Memorial University of Newfoundland
Jul 2007: GECCO-2007
Presented [214]
Gave demo [148]
chaired sessions (2)
Sep 2007: External presentation to GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, on Detection of Spatial Flaws in GeneChips,
Dec 2007: CAMDA-2007
Presented [149]
Presented Essex Bioinformatics poster
Jan 2008: Dagstuhl, Theory of Evolutionary Algorithms
Chaired session
Mar 2008: 11th European Conference on GP, Naples
Presented [148]
Sell out book [3] launch
June 2008: IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence (WCCI 2008)
Chaired sessions (2)
Presented [150] and [151]
Sep 2008: UKAffy 2008 RNAnet A web (firefox) based tool showing correlations between expression of human genes based on Ensembl exon definitions and Affymetrix HG-U133 2+ GEO datasets.
Jul 2009: GECCO-2009
Presented [154]
Presented [250]
Presented [153]
Presented [56]
Presented [274]
chaired sessions (1)
Sep 2009: BioGeeks
Oct 2009: INRIA, The French National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control
Dec 2009: 1st CUDA Developers' Conference, UKGPU 2009
Apr 2010: 13th European Conference on GP, Istanbul
Presented [155]
chaired session
Jun 2010: Ecole d'ete Evolution Artificielle
Jul 2010: Evolving a CUDA kernel from an NVidia template. Natural Computing Applications Forum, Surrey, 13th July 2010 [251].
Aug 2010: Evolving graphic card code (GPU) using grammar based genetic programming, York.
Sept 2010: Dagstuhl, Theory of Evolutionary Algorithms
Jan 2011: FOGA 11 [157]
Apr 2011: 14th European Conference on GP, Turin
chaired session, took minutes of steering group
Jul 2011: GECCO 11, [159] [160] [158], chaired session
Sep 2011: PASTE 2011 (Szeged, Hungary) Gave 5-minute presentation on the GISMO project.
Oct 2011: CLA 2011 (Nancy, France) [161]
Apr 2012: EvoPAR, chaired
15th European Conference on GP, Malaga, chaired session
10th European Workshop on Evolutionary Bioinformatics (EvoBIO 2012) Presented [162]
Apr 2012: Seminar In Silico Infection of the Human Genome Middlesex University.
Sep 2012: SSBSE 2012 Chaired final session.
Oct 2012: Seminar Genetic Programming to Improve Software, CWI.
Oct 2012: Seminar In Silico Infection of the Human Genome, CWI.
Oct 2012: Seminar Genetic Improvement Programming, University of Birmingham.
Mar 2013: Genetic Improvement Programming, Seminar Computing Science and Mathematics, University of Stirling.
July 2013: Dagstuhl, Theory of Evolutionary Algorithms
Jul 2013: GECCO 13, [164] [165]. Chaired session.
Oct 2013: Genetic Improvement of GPU Code, Seminar Inria, Saclay, Paris.
Dec 2013: UKMAC 2013, Poster
Feb 2014: Seminar at Chalmers University of Technology
Apr 2014: EuroGP 2014, [167]
Jul 2014: GECCO 2014, Ran GP track [18]. [286] Humie, [168], [59] (Hot of the press). Chaired session.
Sep 2014: SYNASC 2014, in addition to keynote [169] also Chaired session.
Oct 2014: Genetic Improvement of Programs, Seminar, Birkbeck College, University of London.
Nov 2014: Seminar, University of Bath.
Dec 2014: Seminar, University of Limerick.
Dec 2014: UKMAC 2014, Improved CUDA 3D Medical Image Registration
Feb 2015: Optimising Existing Software with Genetic Programming, Seminar, School of Computer Science, Manchester University.
Apr 2015: EuroGP 2015. Member of EuroGP 2015 panel discussion.
May 2015: Dagstuhl, Theory of Evolutionary Algorithms
Program Landscapes may be Smoother than you Expected
Jul 2015: GECCO 2015, Ran Genetic Improvement workshop GI-2015 [4]. Presented [171], [170]. Chaired session.
Oct 2015: CS-DC'15 World e-conference Presented [173].
Oct 2015: Dagstuhl, Approaches and Applications of Inductive Programming
Feb 2016: Genetically Improved Software Seminar, Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire
Feb 2016: Optimizing Existing Software With Genetic Programming Seminar, Computer Science, University of Exeter
May 2016: UK Many-Core Developer Conference 2016 (UKMAC 2016)
June 2016: Genetically Improved Software Seminar, Brunel Software Engineering Laboratory, Brunel University
July 2016: IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence (WCCI 2016)
Chaired session
Presented [174]
Sep 2016: 14th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature (PPSN 2016)
Presented [179] [176] [177]
Mar 2017: Long-Term Evolution in Genetic Programming Seminar, Computer Science, Aston University
May 2017: Dagstuhl, Theory of Randomized Optimization Heuristics
Landscape of the Triangle Program,
Convergence in Genetic Programming
May 2017: Optimizing Bioinformatics Software With Genetic Programming Seminar, Computer Science, University of Exeter
June 2017: Applying Genetic Improvement to Bioinformatics GPU Software, Seminar, School of Informatics, The University of Edinburgh
Jul 2017: GECCO 2017, Ran Genetic Improvement workshop GI-2017 Chair for GECCO 2017 Human competitive awards. Member of the GECCO Student Workshop mentor panel. Presented [184], [182], [183]. Chaired sessions (3).
Oct 2017: Genetic Improvement and the future of software. Invited Keynote, Emergent and Self-Adaptive Systems: Theory and Practice, Data Sciences Institute, Lancaster University
Panel discussion on ``The role of humans in designing and validating future systems''
Apr 2018: EuroGP 2018, presented [185]
Jun 2018: Invited Keynote, Novel Algorithm Workshop, ARM, 20th June 2018
Jul 2018: TAROT 2018, $14^{\rm th}$ Training And Research On Testing Summer School, Genetic Improvement
Sep 2018: SSBSE 2018, presented [186]
Dec 2018: Genetic Improvement by Evolving Program Data, Seminar, School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London
Feb 2019: Genetic Improvement for faster Medical Imaging GPU Software, Seminar, Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London
Jul 2019: GECCO 2019, presented [190] [191] [188]
Mar 2020: Automatic Program Repair, Seminar, School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University.
Jul 2020: GECCO 2020, presented [192]
Jul 2020: CEC 2020, presented [282]

Presentations to External Groups within GlaxoSmithKline

Mar 2003: Presentation to Statistical Sciences Europe (SSE)
Mar 2003: Presentation at CASS workshop [138]
Jul 2003: Seminar on DNA chip data mining to R&D/Bioinformatics (Philadelphia)

Evolution of data structures [1]

Jul 1995: Presentation on stack & queue results at ICGA [112]
Presentation on list results at ICGA [25]
Nov 1995: Moderated applications session at AAAI GP symposium
Jul 1996: Presentation on using data structures within GP at GP-96 [113]
Jul 1996: Poster presentation on using GP to improve scheduling heuristics at GP-96 [27]
Aug 1996: Presentation at University of Birmingham
Sep 2001: EPSRC's SEMINAL network
Oct 2001: VASTT (Verification and Analysis using Slicing, Testing and Transformation)

Scheduling Network Maintenance

Apr 1995: AISB evolutionary computation workshop [114]
Feb 1996: Presentation to The Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
Feb 1996: Presentation at Dortmund University, Germany
Apr 1997: Presentation at AISB-97 Evolutionary Computation workshop [115]
Oct 1997: Seminar at Strathclyde University
Apr 1998: Seminar at Nottingham University

Internal Presentations (i.e. within UCL, Birmingham, CWI, Essex or King's)

Nov 1993: Presentation on GP in general to the UCL AI group
Apr 1994: Poster at the AISB-94 Evolutionary Computation workshop
mid 1994: Presentation of my results with evolving Stack data structures
Presentation of GP Queue results
Organised the showing of videos on GP
Feb 1995: Departmental seminar on GP
Apr 1995: CRAC postgraduate School
Jun 1995: Presentation on List & Queue results to the UCL AI group
Jan 1996: Presentation on Scheduling
Feb 1996: Organised sessions on GP, and on evolutionary electronic art
Jul 1996: Presentation on Using Data Structures within GP
Feb 1997: Presentation on Price's Theorem within GP
Jul 1997: Presentation on the MAX problem
Oct 1997: Presentation on Bloat and dynamic fitness functions
Feb 1998: Presentation on Random Search vs. GP and Hill Climbing [121]
Dec 1998: Evolution of Size and Shape[28]
Jun 1999: Report on EuroGP'99, EvoIASP'99, EuroECTel'99 and EvoRobot'99
Oct 1999: Report on GECCO'99
Jul 2000: Presentation on Quadratic Bloat [125]
Jul 2000: Presentation on Search Space Scaling [40]
Jul 2000: Presentation on NGrams for NLP classification [240]
Apr 2001: Presentation on Robot Learning [128]
Jun 2001: Presentation on Combining Classifiers [130]
Apr 2003: Presentation on drug discovery
May 2003: Presentation on Gaussian distribution of reversible fitness
Feb 2004: Presentation on drug discovery
Mar 2004: nUCLEAR GP 1 video
May 2004: Memorial University CS Bioinformatics Discussion Group
Feb 2005: XPS Wivenhoe House, Essex
Mar 2005: Repeated sequences, Essex, CS
Feb 2006: XPS Wivenhoe House, Essex
Jan 2007: GP in GSK for Drug Discovery, Essex
Feb 2007: GP for analysing GSK GeneChip data, Essex
Sep 2007: Detection of Spatial Flaws in GeneChips, Essex
Oct 2007: Survey of GEO, Essex
Nov 2007: Maths Essex Seminar, The Halting Probability in von Neumann Architectures
Apr 2008: A SIMD interpreter on a Graphics Card
May 2008: Random Numbers on GPUs
Aug 2008: Demonstration of RNAnet, Essex
2009(8): SEBASE high order mutation testing
Oct 2009: Parallel GP on Tesla, King's
Nov 2009: Crest Open Workshop, A Many Threaded CUDA Interpreter for Genetic Programming
Feb 2010: Programming Graphics Cards: CUDA
Jun 2010: Automatically Creating Graphics Card code with Strongly Typed Grammar based Genetic Programming
Oct 2010: Crest Open Workshop, Efficient Multi Objective Higher Order Mutation Testing with Genetic Programming
May 2011: Crest Open Workshop, Evolving a CUDA Kernel from an nVidia Template
July 2011: Crest Open Workshop, Evolving CUDA C++
Feb 2012: Microsoft Research, Cambridge, Genetic Programming Optimising a Large Tool: the Evolution of Computer Programming
March 2012: Crest Open Workshop, Managing and Optimising Multiplicity Computing
July 2012: Genetic improvement of programs
Oct 2012: DAASE start up meeting
Oct 2012: CREST Open Workshop
Feb 2013: UCL Workshop - Tools and libraries for efficient and scalable GPU applications
Feb 2013: Distilling GeneChips with Genetic Programming on the Emerald GPU supercomputer
Jul 2013: Report on: GECCO 2013
Oct 2013: Crest Open Workshop, Genetic Improvement Programming
Oct 2013: Demonstration of GP bibliography and GP tools to DAASE project.
Nov 2013: To Microsoft Research, Cambridge, Genetic Improvement of GPU Code
Mar 2014: Genetic Improvement Programming
May 2014: Crest Annual Review, Evolving Faster Nifty Reg 3D Medical Image Registration CUDA kernels
May 2014: Reading group: Gal Katz, HVC 2013
Feb 2015: Improving 3D Medical Image Registration CUDA Software with Genetic Programming DAASE project
Feb 2015: Report of UKMAC 2014 conference
Apr 2015: DAASE project meeting
May 2015: DAASE project meeting
June 2015: Crest Annual Review, Genetically Improved BarraCUDA
Feb 2015: Report of SSBSE 2015 conference
Jan 2016: CREST Open Workshop on Genetic Improvement, 1000 downloads of Genetically Improved DNA Analysis Software
Mar 2016: DAASE project meeting
Aug 2016: Report of WCCI 2016 conferences
Oct 2016: CREST Open Workshop on Causal Impact Analysis Short minute introduction to Genetic Improvement
Jan 2017: CREST Open Workshop on Genetic Improvement Genetic Improvement of GPU Software
Chaired session.
Feb 2017: Reading group: "Exponential Laws of Computing Growth", Communications of the ACM 60(1) 2017 54-65
Mar 2017: Long-Term Evolution in Genetic Programming
Jun 2017: Invited Dr. Chris Gathercole ``AI at the Financial Times''
Sep 2017: Crest Annual Review, Faster folds, better folds, GGGP version of RNAfold
Nov 2017: Crest Monthly meeting, Genetic Improvement
Dec 2017: The Genetic programming Bibliography
Feb 2018: Invited Dr. Una-May O'Reilly: ``Computer Systems Arms Races''
Sep 2018: Reading group: Danglot et al. ``Correctness Attraction...'' EMSE 2018 23(4) Aug
Dec 2018: 60th CREST Open Workshop, those were the DAASE. Evolving Square Root into Binary Logarithm
Mar 2019: Reading group: Lopez-Lopez et al. ``"Applying Genetic Improvement to a Genetic Programming library in C++'', Soft Computing.
Sep 2019: CREST internal ``CALF'' ``Data Driven Genetic Improvement''.
Oct 2019: 61st CREST Open Workshop, Statistics, Learning, Genetic Improvement and Testing for Programs Data Driven Genetic Improvement
Jan 2020: Reading group: W.B. Langdon ``Fast Generation of Big Random Binary Trees'', RN/20/01. [258]
Jan 2019: 62nd CREST Open Workshop, Automated Program Repair and Genetic Improvement Genetic Improvement of Genetic Programming

Publications

A: Books

1

William B. Langdon.
Genetic Programming and Data Structures: Genetic Programming + Data Structures = Automatic Programming!, volume 1 of Genetic Programming.
Kluwer, Boston, 1998.

2

W. B. Langdon and Riccardo Poli.
Foundations of Genetic Programming.
Springer-Verlag, 2002.

3

Riccardo Poli, William B. Langdon, and Nicholas Freitag McPhee.
A field guide to genetic programming.
Published via http://lulu.com and freely available at http://www.gp-field-guide.org.uk, 2008.
(With contributions by J. R. Koza).

4

William B. Langdon, Justyna Petke, and David R. White.
Genetic improvement 2015 chairs' welcome.
In William B. Langdon, Justyna Petke, and David R. White, editors, Genetic Improvement 2015 Workshop, pages 791-792, Madrid, 11-15 July 2015. ACM.

5

W. B. Langdon, E. Cantú-Paz, K. Mathias, R. Roy, D. Davis, R. Poli, K. Balakrishnan, V. Honavar, G. Rudolph, J. Wegener, L. Bull, M. A. Potter, A. C. Schultz, J. F. Miller, E. Burke, and N. Jonoska, editors.
GECCO 2002: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, New York, 9-13 July 2002. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.

6

Lee Spector, W. B. Langdon, Una-May O'Reilly, and Peter J. Angeline, editors.
Advances in Genetic Programming 3.
MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, June 1999.

7

Riccardo Poli, Peter Nordin, William B. Langdon, and Terence C. Fogarty, editors.
Genetic Programming, Proceedings of EuroGP'99, volume 1598 of LNCS, Goteborg, Sweden, 26-27 May 1999. Springer-Verlag.

8

Riccardo Poli, Wolfgang Banzhaf, William B. Langdon, Julian F. Miller, Peter Nordin, and Terence C. Fogarty, editors.
Genetic Programming, Proceedings of EuroGP'2000, volume 1802 of LNCS, Edinburgh, 15-16 April 2000. Springer-Verlag.

9

Julian Miller, Marco Tomassini, Pier Luca Lanzi, Conor Ryan, Andrea G. B. Tettamanzi, and William B. Langdon, editors.
Genetic Programming, Proceedings of EuroGP'2001, volume 2038 of LNCS, Lake Como, Italy, 18-20 April 2001. Springer-Verlag.

10

Lee Spector, Erik D. Goodman, Annie Wu, W. B. Langdon, Hans-Michael Voigt, Mitsuo Gen, Sandip Sen, Marco Dorigo, Shahram Pezeshk, Max H. Garzon, and Edmund Burke, editors.
Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, GECCO-2001, San Francisco, California, USA, 7-11 July 2001. Morgan Kaufmann.

11

W. B. Langdon, Simon Harding, and Man Leung Wong, editors.
2008 IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, Hong Kong, 1-6 June 2008. IEEE Computational Intelligence Society, IEEE Press.
Special Session Computational Intelligence on Consumer Games and Graphics Hardware CIGPU-2008.

12

Anna I. Esparcia, Ying ping Chen, Gabriela Ochoa, Ender Ozcan, Marc Schoenauer, Anne Auger, Hans-Georg Beyer, Nikolaus Hansen, Steffen Finck, Raymond Ros, Darrell Whitley, Garnett Wilson, Simon Harding, W. B. Langdon, Man Leung Wong, Laurence D. Merkle, Frank W. Moore, Sevan G. Ficici, William Rand, Rick Riolo, Nawwaf Kharma, William R. Buckley, Julian Miller, Kenneth Stanley, Jaume Bacardit, Will Browne, Jan Drugowitsch, Nicola Beume, Mike Preuss, Stephen L. Smith, Stefano Cagnoni, Jim DeLeo, Alexandru Floares, Aaron Baughman, Steven Gustafson, Maarten Keijzer, Arthur Kordon, Clare Bates Congdon, Laurence D. Merkle, and Frank W. Moore, editors.
GECCO '09: Proceedings of the 11th annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation conference, Montreal, Québec, Canada, 8-12 July 2009. ACM.

13

Simon Harding, Tony Lewis, W. B. Langdon, and Man Leung Wong, editors.
2010 IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, Barcelona, 18-23 July 2010. IEEE Computational Intelligence Society, IEEE.
Special Session Computational Intelligence on Consumer Games and Graphics Hardware CIGPU-2010.

14

Simon Harding, W. B. Langdon, Tony Lewis, Man Leung Wong, and Garnett Wilson, editors.
CIGPU 2011 Computational Intelligence on Consumer Games and Graphics Hardware, Dublin, 13 July 2011. SigEVO, ACM.
GECCO 2011 workshop.

15

Hans-Georg Beyer and W.B. Langdon, editors.
Foundations of Genetic Algorithms, Schwarzenberg, Austria, 5-9 Jan 2011. ACM.

16

Cecilia Di Chio, Alexandros Agapitos, Stefano Cagnoni, Carlos Cotta, F. Fernandez de Vega, Gianni A. Di Caro, Rolf Drechsler, Aniko Ekart, Anna I Esparcia-Alcazar, Muddassar Farooq, William B. Langdon, Juan J. Merelo, Mike Preuss, Hendrik Richter, Sara Silva, Anabela Simoes, Giovanni Squillero, Ernesto Tarantino, Andrea G. B. Tettamanzi, Julian Togelius, Neil Urquhart, A. Sima Uyar, and Georgios N. Yannakakis, editors.
Applications of Evolutionary Computing, EvoApplications2012: EvoCOMNET, EvoCOMPLEX, EvoFIN, EvoGAMES, EvoHOT, EvoIASP, EvoNUM, EvoPAR, EvoRISK, EvoSTIM, EvoSTOC, volume 7248 of LNCS, Malaga, Spain, 11-13 April 2012. Springer Verlag.

17

W. B. Langdon, Man Leung Wong, Yuji Sato, and Simon Harding, editors.
2012 IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, Brisbane, 10-15 June 2012. IEEE Computational Intelligence Society, IEEE.
Hybrid Special Session Computational Intelligence on Consumer Games and Graphics Hardware CIGPU-2012.

18

Christian Igel, Dirk V. Arnold, Christian Gagne, Elena Popovici, Anne Auger, Jaume Bacardit, Dimo Brockhoff, Stefano Cagnoni, Kalyanmoy Deb, Benjamin Doerr, James Foster, Tobias Glasmachers, Emma Hart, Malcolm I. Heywood, Hitoshi Iba, Christian Jacob, Thomas Jansen, Yaochu Jin, Marouane Kessentini, Joshua D. Knowles, William B. Langdon, Pedro Larranaga, Sean Luke, Gabriel Luque, John A. W. McCall, Marco A. Montes de Oca, Alison Motsinger-Reif, Yew Soon Ong, Michael Palmer, Konstantinos E. Parsopoulos, Guenther Raidl, Sebastian Risi, Guenther Ruhe, Tom Schaul, Thomas Schmickl, Bernhard Sendhoff, Kenneth O. Stanley, Thomas Stuetzle, Dirk Thierens, Julian Togelius, Carsten Witt, and Christine Zarges, editors.
GECCO '14: Proceedings of the 2014 conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 12-16 July 2014.

19

Markus Wagner, William Langdon, and Brad Alexander, editors.
2016 IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, Vancouver, 25-29 July 2016. IEEE Computational Intelligence Society, IEEE.
Special Session Genetic Improvement of Software + Search-Based Software Engineering (GI+SBSE).

20

Markus Wagner, Julia Handl, Ryan Urbanowicz, Kuber Karthik, Danilo Vasconcellos Vargas, Silvino Fernandez Alzueta, Pablo Valledor Pellicer, Thomas Stuetzle, John R. Woodward, Daniel R. Tauritz, Manuel Lopez-Ibanez, Anne Auger, Dimo Brockhoff, Nikolaus Hansen, Tea Tusar, Dejan Tusar, Stephane Doncieux, Joshua Auerbach, Richard Duro, Harold de Vladar, Jose Santos, Amarda Shehu, Mostafa Ellabaan, Stefan Wagner, Michael Affenzeller, Frank Neumann, Markus Wagner, Paul Kaufmann, Oliver Kramer, P. G. M. Baltus, Giovanni Iacca, M. N. Andraud, Vanessa Volz, Boris Naujoks, Frank Moore, Gunes Kayacik, Nur Zincir-Heywood, Anna I Esparcia-Alcazar, Westley Weimer, Justyna Petke, David R. White, William B. Langdon, Nadarajen Veerapen, Fabio Daolio, Arnaud Liefooghe, Sebastien Verel, Gabriela Ochoa, Giovanni Squillero, Alberto Tonda, Stephen L. Smith, Stefano Cagnoni, Robert M. Patton, John McCall, Dirk Thierens, William La Cava, Randal Olson, Patryk Orzechowski, Ernesto Tarantino, Ivanoe De Falco, Antonio Della Cioppa, Umberto Scafuri, Nicolas Bredeche, Evert Haasdijk, Abraham Prieto, Heiko Hamann, Jared Moore, Anthony Clark, David Walker, Richard Everson, Jonathan Fieldsend, Bogdan Filipic, Alma Rahat, Handing Wang, and Yaochu Jin, editors.
GECCO '17: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, Berlin, Germany, 15-19 July 2017. ACM.

21

Justyna Petke, Kathryn Stolee, William B. Langdon, and Westley Weimer, editors.
Proceedings 2018 ACM/IEEE 4th International Genetic Improvement Workshop, GI 2018, Gothenburg, Sweden, 2 June 2018.

22

Justyna Petke, Shin Hwei Tan, William B. Langdon, and Westley Weimer, editors.
Proceedings 2019 ACM/IEEE 6th International Genetic Improvement Workshop, GI 2019, Montreal, 28 May 2019.

23

Justyna Petke, Bobby R. Bruce, Yu Huang, Aymeric Blot, Westley Weimer, and W. B. Langdon, editors.
10th Genetic Improvement Workshop (GI 2021 @ ICSE) Chairs' Welcome, virtual event, 30 May 2021. IEEE.

24

Justyna Petke, Claire Le Goues, Stephanie Forrest, and William B. Langdon.
Genetic improvement of software: Report from dagstuhl seminar 18052.
Dagstuhl Reports, 8(1):158-182, 23 July 2018.

B: Journals and Contributions to Books

25

William B. Langdon.
Data structures and genetic programming.
In Peter J. Angeline and K. E. Kinnear, Jr., editors, Advances in Genetic Programming 2, chapter 20, pages 395-414. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 1996.

26

William B. Langdon.
A bibliography for genetic programming.
In Peter J. Angeline and K. E. Kinnear, Jr., editors, Advances in Genetic Programming 2, appendix B, pages 507-531. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 1996.

27

W. B. Langdon and P. C. Treleaven.
Scheduling maintenance of electrical power transmission networks using genetic programming.
In Kevin Warwick, Arthur Ekwue, and Raj Aggarwal, editors, Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Power Systems, chapter 10, pages 220-237. IEE, 1997.

28

William B. Langdon, Terry Soule, Riccardo Poli, and James A. Foster.
The evolution of size and shape.
In Lee Spector, William B. Langdon, Una-May O'Reilly, and Peter J. Angeline, editors, Advances in Genetic Programming 3, chapter 8, pages 163-190. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, June 1999.

29

W. B. Langdon.
The distribution of reversible functions is Normal.
In Rick L. Riolo and Bill Worzel, editors, Genetic Programming Theory and Practice, chapter 11, pages 173-187. Kluwer, 2003.

30

W. B. Langdon and S. J. Barrett.
Genetic programming in data mining for drug discovery.
In Ashish Ghosh and Lakhmi C. Jain, editors, Evolutionary Computing in Data Mining, volume 163 of Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, chapter 10, pages 211-235. Springer, 2004.

31

William B. Langdon, Riccardo Poli, Nicholas F. McPhee, and John R. Koza.
Genetic programming: An introduction and tutorial, with a survey of techniques and applications.
In John Fulcher and Lakhmi C. Jain, editors, Computational Intelligence: A Compendium, volume 115 of Studies in Computational Intelligence (SCI), chapter 22, pages 927-1028. Springer-Verlag, 2008.

32

William B. Langdon, Robert I. McKay, and Lee Spector.
Genetic programming.
In Michel Gendreau and Jean-Yves Potvin, editors, Handbook of Metaheuristics, volume 146 of International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, chapter 7, pages 185-225. Springer, second edition, 2010.

33

W. B. Langdon.
Large scale bioinformatics data mining with parallel genetic programming on graphics processing units.
In Francisco Fernandez de Vega and Erick Cantu-Paz, editors, Parallel and Distributed Computational Intelligence, volume 269 of Studies in Computational Intelligence, chapter 5, pages 113-141. Springer, January 2010.

34

William B. Langdon.
Large scale bioinformatics data mining with parallel genetic programming on graphics processing units.
In Shigeyoshi Tsutsui and Pierre Collet, editors, Massively Parallel Evolutionary Computation on GPGPUs, Natural Computing Series, chapter 15, pages 311-347. Springer, 2013.

35

William B. Langdon.
Genetically improved software.
In Amir H. Gandomi, Amir H. Alavi, and Conor Ryan, editors, Handbook of Genetic Programming Applications, chapter 8, pages 181-220. Springer, 2015.

36

William B. Langdon.
Software is not fragile, volume 5, chapter 4.7, pages 100-101.
Schloss Dagstuhl-Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, Dagstuhl, Germany, 2016.

37

William B. Langdon.
Mycoplasma $\cup$ homo sapiens contamination in e-science.
In Leon V. Berhardt, editor, Advances in Medicine and Biology, volume 159 of Advances in Medicine and Biology, chapter 8, pages 225-238. Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 400 Oser Avenue, Suite 1600, Hauppauge, NY 11788, USA, April 2020.

38

Riccardo Poli and William B. Langdon.
Sub-machine-code genetic programming.
In Lee Spector, William B. Langdon, Una-May O'Reilly, and Peter J. Angeline, editors, Advances in Genetic Programming 3, chapter 13, pages 301-323. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, June 1999.

39

Riccardo Poli and William B. Langdon.
Running genetic programming backward.
In Tina Yu, Rick L. Riolo, and Bill Worzel, editors, Genetic Programming Theory and Practice III, volume 9 of Genetic Programming, chapter 9, pages 125-140. Springer, Ann Arbor, 12-14 May 2005.

C: Academic Conference Papers

40

W. B. Langdon.
Scaling of program tree fitness spaces.
Evolutionary Computation, 7(4):399-428, Winter 1999.

41

William B. Langdon.
Size fair and homologous tree genetic programming crossovers.
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 1(1/2):95-119, April 2000.

42

William B. Langdon.
Genetic programming and evolvable machines: Books and other resources.
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 1(1/2):165-169, April 2000.

43

W. B. Langdon.
Long random linear programs do not generalize.
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 2(2):95-100, June 2001.

44

W. B. Langdon and B. F. Buxton.
Genetic programming for mining DNA chip data from cancer patients.
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 5(3):251-257, September 2004.

45

William B. Langdon and Wolfgang Banzhaf.
Repeated sequences in linear genetic programming genomes.
Complex Systems, 15(4):285-306, 2005.

46

W. B. Langdon and S. Gustafson.
Genetic programming and evolvable machines: Five years of reviews.
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 6(2):221-228, June 2005.

47

W. B. Langdon and W. Banzhaf.
Repeated patterns in genetic programming.
Natural Computing, 7(4):589-613, December 2008.

48

W. B. Langdon and Riccardo Poli.
Evolving problems to learn about particle swarm optimisers and other search algorithms.
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 11(5):561-578, October 2007.

49

W. B. Langdon, R. Poli, and W. Banzhaf.
An eigen analysis of the GP community.
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 9(3):171-182, September 2008.

50

William B. Langdon and Riccardo Poli.
Mapping non-conventional extensions of genetic programming.
Natural Computing, 7:21-43, March 2008.
Invited contribution to special issue on Unconventional computing.

51

W. B. Langdon.
Scaling of program functionality.
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 10(1):5-36, March 2009.

52

W. B. Langdon, G. J. G. Upton, R. da Silva Camargo, and A. P. Harrison.
A survey of spatial defects in Homo Sapiens Affymetrix GeneChips.
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, 7(4):647-653, oct.-dec 2009.

53

W. B. Langdon and A. P. Harrison.
GP on SPMD parallel graphics hardware for mega bioinformatics data mining.
Soft Computing, 12(12):1169-1183, October 2008.
Special Issue on Distributed Bioinspired Algorithms.

54

W. B. Langdon and A. P. Harrison.
Evolving DNA motifs to predict GeneChip probe performance.
Algorithms in Molecular Biology, 4(6), 19 March 2009.

55

William B. Langdon, Graham J. G. Upton, and Andrew P. Harrison.
Probes containing runs of guanine provide insights into the biophysics and bioinformatics of Affymetrix GeneChips.
Briefings in Bioinformatics, 10(3):259-277, 2009.

56

William B. Langdon, Mark Harman, and Yue Jia.
Efficient multi-objective higher order mutation testing with genetic programming.
Journal of Systems and Software, 83(12):2416-2430, December 2010.

57

W. B. Langdon and S. M. Gustafson.
Genetic programming and evolvable machines: ten years of reviews.
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 11(3/4):321-338, September 2010.
Tenth Anniversary Issue: Progress in Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines.

58

W. B. Langdon.
Graphics processing units and genetic programming: An overview.
Soft Computing, 15:1657-1669, August 2011.

59

William B. Langdon and Mark Harman.
Optimising existing software with genetic programming.
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 19(1):118-135, February 2015.

60

W. B. Langdon.
Mycoplasma contamination in the 1000 genomes project.
BioData Mining, 7(3), 29 April 2014.

61

W. B. Langdon.
Performance of genetic programming optimised Bowtie2 on genome comparison and analytic testing (GCAT) benchmarks.
BioData Mining, 8(1), 8 January 2015.

62

William B. Langdon, Javier Dolado, Federica Sarro, and Mark Harman.
Exact mean absolute error of baseline predictor, MARP0.
Information and Software Technology, 73:16-18, May 2016.

63

William B. Langdon, Brian Yee Hong Lam, Marc Modat, Justyna Petke, and Mark Harman.
Genetic improvement of GPU software.
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 18(1):5-44, March 2017.

64

W. B. Langdon and Brian Yee Hong Lam.
Genetically improved BarraCUDA.
BioData Mining, 20(28), 2 August 2017.

65

W. B. Langdon.
Genetic programming and evolvable machines at 20.
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 21(1-2):205-217, June 2020.
Twentieth Anniversary Issue.

66

Riccardo Poli and William B. Langdon.
Schema theory for genetic programming with one-point crossover and point mutation.
Evolutionary Computation, 6(3):231-252, 1998.

67

W. Banzhaf and W. B. Langdon.
Some considerations on the reason for bloat.
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 3(1):81-91, March 2002.

68

David P. A. Corney, Bernard F. Buxton, William B. Langdon, and David T. Jones.
BioRAT: extracting biological information from full-length papers.
Bioinformatics, 20(17):3206-3213, 2004.

69

Riccardo Poli and William B. Langdon.
Backward-chaining evolutionary algorithms.
Artificial Intelligence, 170(11):953-982, August 2006.

70

Marco Tomassini, L. Luthi, M. Giacobini, and W. B. Langdon.
The structure of the genetic programming collaboration network.
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 8(1):97-103, March 2007.

71

Jose M. Arteaga-Salas, Harry Zuzan, William B. Langdon, Graham J. G. Upton, and Andrew P. Harrison.
An overview of image-processing methods for Affymetrix GeneChips.
Briefings in Bioinformatics, 9(1):25-33, 2008.

72

Joanna Rowsell, Renata da Silva Camargo, William B. Langdon, Maria A. Stalteri, and Andrew P. Harrison.
Uncovering the expression patterns of chimeric transcripts using surveys of Affymetrix GeneChips.
Journal of Integrative Bioinformatics, 7(3):137, 2010.

73

Graham JG Upton, William B Langdon, and Andrew P Harrison.
G-spots cause incorrect expression measurement in Affymetrix microarrays.
BMC Genomics, 9:613, 2008.

74

Olivia Sanchez-Graillet, Joanna Rowsell, William B. Langdon, Maria A. Stalteri, Jose M. Arteaga Salas, Graham J.G. Upton, and Andrew P. Harrison.
Widespread existence of uncorrelated probe intensities from within the same probeset on Affymetrix GeneChips.
Journal of Integrative Bioinformatics, 5(2):98, 2008.

75

Andrew P. Harrison, Joanna Rowsell, Renata da Silva Camargo, William B. Langdon, Maria Stalteri, Graham J.G. Upton, and Jose M. Arteaga-Salas.
The use of Affymetrix GeneChips as a tool for studying alternative forms of RNA.
Biochemical Society Transactions, 36:511-513, 2008.

76

Estibaliz Aldecoa-Otalora, William B. Langdon, Phil Cunningham, and Matthew J. Arno.
Unexpected presence of mycoplasma probes on human microarrays.
BioTechniques, 47(6):1013-1016, December 2009.

77

Riccardo Poli, Leonardo Vanneschi, William B. Langdon, and Nicholas Freitag McPhee.
Theoretical results in genetic programming: The next ten years?
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 11(3/4):285-320, September 2010.
Tenth Anniversary Issue: Progress in Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines.

78

Jose Javier Dolado, Daniel Rodriguez, Mark Harman, William B. Langdon, and Federica Sarro.
Evaluation of estimation models using the minimum interval of equivalence.
Applied Soft Computing, 49:956-967, December 2016.
in press.

79

Justyna Petke, Saemundur O. Haraldsson, Mark Harman, William B. Langdon, David R. White, and John R. Woodward.
Genetic improvement of software: a comprehensive survey.
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 22(3):415-432, June 2018.

80

Justyna Petke, Mark Harman, William B. Langdon, and Westley Weimer.
Specialising software for different downstream applications using genetic improvement and code transplantation.
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 44(6):574-594, June 2018.

81

Nicholas Freitag McPhee and William B. Langdon.
Gp+em 20 anniversary editorial.
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 21(1-2):3-9, June 2020.
Guest Editorial.

82

W. B. Langdon.
GP97 conference report.
Robotica, 16(1):117, January 1998.

83

W. B. Langdon.
Genetic algorithms in engineering systems by A.N.S. Zalzala and P.J. Fleming. IEE control engineering series 55, 1997, isbn 0 85296 902 3, 279 pp. (£45; hbk).
Robotica, 16:701, 1998.
Book Review.

84

W. B. Langdon.
Gecco'99 student workshop.
Robotica, 18(1):87, January 2000.

85

William B. Langdon.
Evolutionary computation 1 session at BNAIC'99.
Newsletter BVNKI, 16(6):168-169, December 1999.

86

W. B. Langdon.
Review of evolutionary algorithms in theory and practice: Evolutionary strategies, evolutionary programming, genetic algorithms by Thomas Back.
ACM SIGART Intelligence, 11(1):52-53, Spring 2000.

87

William B. Langdon.
Was Occam wrong? Blunting Occam's razor.
BNVKI newsletter, 19(3):56-57, June 2002.

88

William B. Langdon.
Evolutionary computation II session at BNAIC 2002.
Newsletter BNVKI, 19(6):145-146, December 2002.

89

W. B. Langdon.
Predicting cancer.
UCL Science, 17:2, September 2003.

90

W. B. Langdon.
Genetic algorithms-principles and perspectives: A guide to GA theory.
Knowledge Engineering Review, 19(2):185-186, June 2004.
Book review.

91

W. B. Langdon.
'pure theatre' at lakeside: Review of "look back in anger".
Wyvern Extra, June 2005.
www pages. University of Essex.

92

W. B. Langdon.
Web usage of the GP bibliography.
SIGEVOlution newsletter of the ACM Special Interest Group on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, 1(4):16-21, December 2006.

93

W. B. Langdon.
The Cg Tutorial, Fernando and Kilgard, Addison-Wesley nVidia ISBN 0-321-19496-9.
Computer Graphics Forum, 26(4):853-853, December 2007.

94

W. B. Langdon.
Gene breakdown.
Wyvern, Feb 2008.
www pages. University of Essex.

95

W. B. Langdon.
A field guide to genetic programing, April 2008.

96

W. B. Langdon.
Is this the future of academic publishing?
SIGEVOlution, 3(1):16, Spring 2008.

97

W. B. Langdon.
The halting problem in the clear light of probability.
Communications of the ACM, 55(6):6, June 2012.
letters to the editor.

98

W. B. Langdon.
Distilling GeneChips with genetic programming on the Emerald GPU supercomputer.
SIGEVOlution newsletter of the ACM Special Interest Group on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, 6(1):15-21, 25 July 2012.

99

William B. Langdon.
News of the GP bibliography http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/ wbl/biblio/.
SIGEVOlution newsletter of the ACM Special Interest Group on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, 6(3-4):12-16, July 2014.

100

W.B. Langdon.
Fun and games at WCCI.
SigEvolution, 9(3):16-18, 2016.

101

W. B. Langdon.
Computational biology in the 21st century is parallel.
Communications of the ACM, 59(11):9, November 2016.
Letter to the editor.

102

W. B. Langdon.
Human-competitive awards 2018.
SIGEVOlution, 11(4):3-8, December 2018.

103

W. B. Langdon.
Home monitoring for parkinson's patients already...
Communications of the ACM, 62(2):7, February 2019.
Letter to the editor.

104

Bill Langdon.
Mark Harman wins both IEEE and ACM awards in 2019.
SIGEVOlution newsletter of the ACM Special Interest Group on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, 12(2):10-11, August 2019.

105

William B. Langdon, Westley Weimer, Christopher Timperley, Oliver Krauss, Zhen Yu Ding, Yiwei Lyu, Nicolas Chausseau, Eric Schulte, Shin Hwei Tan, Kevin Leach, Yu Huang, and Gabin An.
The state and future of genetic improvement.
SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, 44(3):25-29, July 2019.

106

W. B. Langdon.
Big data driven genetic improvement for maintenance of legacy software systems.
SIGEVOlution newsletter of the ACM Special Interest Group on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, 12(3):6-9, 2019.

107

W. B. Langdon.
Sustainable charge.
Communications of the ACM, 63(6):6, June 2020.

108

William B. Langdon, Westley Weimer, Justyna Petke, Erik Fredericks, Seongmin Lee, Emily Winter, Michail Basios, Myra B. Cohen, Aymeric Blot, Markus Wagner, Bobby R. Bruce, Shin Yoo, Simos Gerasimou, Oliver Krauss, Yu Huang, and Michael Gerten.
Genetic improvement @ icse 2020.
SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, 45(4):24-30, October 2020.

109

W. B. Langdon.
Multi-threaded memory efficient crossover in C++ for generational genetic programming.
SIGEVOLution newsletter of the ACM Special Interest Group on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, 13(3):2-4, October 2020.

110

John R. Woodward, Justyna Petke, and William Langdon.
How computers are learning to make human software work more efficiently.
The Conversation, page 10.08am BST, June 25 2015.

111

Leonardo Trujillo and W. B. Langdon.
EuroGP 2018 panel debate: Genetic programming in the era of deep neural networks.
SIGEVOlution, 11(2):3-6, 12 July 2018.

D.1: Technical Reports

112

W. B. Langdon.
Evolving data structures using genetic programming.
In Larry J. Eshelman, editor, Genetic Algorithms: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference (ICGA95), pages 295-302, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 15-19 July 1995. Morgan Kaufmann.

113

W. B. Langdon.
Using data structures within genetic programming.
In John R. Koza, David E. Goldberg, David B. Fogel, and Rick L. Riolo, editors, Genetic Programming 1996: Proceedings of the First Annual Conference, pages 141-148, Stanford University, CA, USA, 28-31 July 1996. MIT Press.

114

W. B. Langdon.
Scheduling planned maintenance of the National Grid.
In Terence C. Fogarty, editor, Evolutionary Computing, number 993 in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 132-153. Springer-Verlag, 1995.

115

W. B. Langdon.
Scheduling planned maintenance of the south wales region of the national grid.
In David Corne and Jonathan L. Shapiro, editors, Evolutionary Computing: AISB International Workshop, Selected Papers, pages 179-197, University of Manchester, UK, 7-8 April 1997. Springer.

116

W. B. Langdon and R. Poli.
An analysis of the MAX problem in genetic programming.
In John R. Koza, Kalyanmoy Deb, Marco Dorigo, David B. Fogel, Max Garzon, Hitoshi Iba, and Rick L. Riolo, editors, Genetic Programming 1997: Proceedings of the Second Annual Conference, pages 222-230, Stanford University, CA, USA, 13-16 July 1997. Morgan Kaufmann.

117

W. B. Langdon and R. Poli.
Fitness causes bloat.
In P. K. Chawdhry, R. Roy, and R. K. Pant, editors, Soft Computing in Engineering Design and Manufacturing, pages 13-22. Springer-Verlag London, 23-27 June 1997.

118

W. B. Langdon and R. Poli.
Fitness causes bloat: Mutation.
In Wolfgang Banzhaf, Riccardo Poli, Marc Schoenauer, and Terence C. Fogarty, editors, Proceedings of the First European Workshop on Genetic Programming, volume 1391 of LNCS, pages 37-48, Paris, 14-15 April 1998. Springer-Verlag.

119

W. B. Langdon.
The evolution of size in variable length representations.
In 1998 IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation, pages 633-638, Anchorage, Alaska, USA, 5-9 May 1998. IEEE Press.

120

W. B. Langdon and R. Poli.
Genetic programming bloat with dynamic fitness.
In Wolfgang Banzhaf, Riccardo Poli, Marc Schoenauer, and Terence C. Fogarty, editors, Proceedings of the First European Workshop on Genetic Programming, volume 1391 of LNCS, pages 97-112, Paris, 14-15 April 1998. Springer-Verlag.

121

W. B. Langdon and R. Poli.
Why ants are hard.
In John R. Koza, Wolfgang Banzhaf, Kumar Chellapilla, Kalyanmoy Deb, Marco Dorigo, David B. Fogel, Max H. Garzon, David E. Goldberg, Hitoshi Iba, and Rick Riolo, editors, Genetic Programming 1998: Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference, pages 193-201, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 22-25 July 1998. Morgan Kaufmann.

122

W. B. Langdon and R. Poli.
Boolean functions fitness spaces.
In Riccardo Poli, Peter Nordin, William B. Langdon, and Terence C. Fogarty, editors, Genetic Programming, Proceedings of EuroGP'99, volume 1598 of LNCS, pages 1-14, Goteborg, Sweden, 26-27 May 1999. Springer-Verlag.

123

W. B. Langdon.
Size fair and homologous tree genetic programming crossovers.
In Wolfgang Banzhaf, Jason Daida, Agoston E. Eiben, Max H. Garzon, Vasant Honavar, Mark Jakiela, and Robert E. Smith, editors, Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, volume 2, pages 1092-1097, Orlando, Florida, USA, 13-17 July 1999. Morgan Kaufmann.

124

W. B. Langdon and J. P. Nordin.
Seeding GP populations.
In Riccardo Poli, Wolfgang Banzhaf, William B. Langdon, Julian F. Miller, Peter Nordin, and Terence C. Fogarty, editors, Genetic Programming, Proceedings of EuroGP'2000, volume 1802 of LNCS, pages 304-315, Edinburgh, 15-16 April 2000. Springer-Verlag.

125

W. B. Langdon.
Quadratic bloat in genetic programming.
In Darrell Whitley, David Goldberg, Erick Cantu-Paz, Lee Spector, Ian Parmee, and Hans-Georg Beyer, editors, Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO-2000), pages 451-458, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, 10-12 July 2000. Morgan Kaufmann.

126

W. B. Langdon and W. Banzhaf.
Genetic programming bloat without semantics.
In Marc Schoenauer, Kalyanmoy Deb, Günter Rudolph, Xin Yao, Evelyne Lutton, Juan Julian Merelo, and Hans-Paul Schwefel, editors, Parallel Problem Solving from Nature - PPSN VI 6th International Conference, volume 1917 of LNCS, pages 201-210, Paris, France, 16-20 September 2000. Springer Verlag.

127

William B. Langdon and Bernard F. Buxton.
Evolving receiver operating characteristics for data fusion.
In Julian F. Miller, Marco Tomassini, Pier Luca Lanzi, Conor Ryan, Andrea G. B. Tettamanzi, and William B. Langdon, editors, Genetic Programming, Proceedings of EuroGP'2001, volume 2038 of LNCS, pages 87-96, Lake Como, Italy, 18-20 April 2001. Springer-Verlag.

128

William B. Langdon and Peter Nordin.
Evolving hand-eye coordination for a humanoid robot with machine code genetic programming.
In Julian F. Miller, Marco Tomassini, Pier Luca Lanzi, Conor Ryan, Andrea G. B. Tettamanzi, and William B. Langdon, editors, Genetic Programming, Proceedings of EuroGP'2001, volume 2038 of LNCS, pages 313-324, Lake Como, Italy, 18-20 April 2001. Springer-Verlag.

129

W. B. Langdon and B. F. Buxton.
Genetic programming for combining classifiers.
In Lee Spector, Erik D. Goodman, Annie Wu, W. B. Langdon, Hans-Michael Voigt, Mitsuo Gen, Sandip Sen, Marco Dorigo, Shahram Pezeshk, Max H. Garzon, and Edmund Burke, editors, Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO-2001), pages 66-73, San Francisco, California, USA, 7-11 July 2001. Morgan Kaufmann.

130

W. B. Langdon and B. F. Buxton.
Genetic programming for improved receiver operating characteristics.
In Josef Kittler and Fabio Roli, editors, Second International Conference on Multiple Classifier System, volume 2096 of LNCS, pages 68-77, Cambridge, 2-4 July 2001. Springer Verlag.

131

W. B. Langdon, S. J. Barrett, and B. F. Buxton.
Genetic programming for combining neural networks for drug discovery.
In Rajkumar Roy, Mario Köppen, Seppo Ovaska, Takeshi Furuhashi, and Frank Hoffmann, editors, Soft Computing and Industry Recent Applications, pages 597-608. Springer-Verlag, 10-24 September 2001.
Published 2002.

132

William B. Langdon, S. J. Barrett, and B. F. Buxton.
Combining decision trees and neural networks for drug discovery.
In James A. Foster, Evelyne Lutton, Julian Miller, Conor Ryan, and Andrea G. B. Tettamanzi, editors, Genetic Programming, Proceedings of the 5th European Conference, EuroGP 2002, volume 2278 of LNCS, pages 60-70, Kinsale, Ireland, 3-5 April 2002. Springer-Verlag.

133

W. B. Langdon.
Convergence rates for the distribution of program outputs.
In W. B. Langdon, E. Cantú-Paz, K. Mathias, R. Roy, D. Davis, R. Poli, K. Balakrishnan, V. Honavar, G. Rudolph, J. Wegener, L. Bull, M. A. Potter, A. C. Schultz, J. F. Miller, E. Burke, and N. Jonoska, editors, GECCO 2002: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, pages 812-819, New York, 9-13 July 2002. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.

134

W. B. Langdon.
How many good programs are there? How long are they?
In Kenneth A. De Jong, Riccardo Poli, and Jonathan E. Rowe, editors, Foundations of Genetic Algorithms VII, pages 183-202, Torremolinos, Spain, 4-6 September 2002. Morgan Kaufmann.
Published 2003.

135

William B. Langdon.
A hybrid genetic programming neural network classifier for use in drug discovery.
In Ajith Abraham, Javier Ruiz-del-Solar, and Mario Köppen, editors, Soft Computing Systems - Design, Management and Applications, Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications Vol. 87, page 6, Universidad de Chile, Chile, 1-4 December 2002. IOS Press Amsterdam, Berlin, Oxford, Tokyo, Washington D.C.
Invited conference speaker.

136

W. B. Langdon, S. J. Barrett, and B. F. Buxton.
Comparison of AdaBoost and genetic programming for combining neural networks for drug discovery.
In Günther R. Raidl, Stefano Cagnoni, Juan Jesús Romero Cardalda, David W. Corne, Jens Gottlieb, Agnès Guillot, Emma Hart, Colin G. Johnson, Elena Marchiori, Jean-Arcady Meyer, and Martin Middendorf, editors, Applications of Evolutionary Computing, EvoWorkshops2003: EvoBIO, EvoCOP, EvoIASP, EvoMUSART, EvoROB, EvoSTIM, volume 2611 of LNCS, pages 87-98, University of Essex, UK, 14-16 April 2003. Springer-Verlag.

137

W. B. Langdon.
Convergence of program fitness landscapes.
In E. Cantú-Paz, J. A. Foster, K. Deb, D. Davis, R. Roy, U.-M. O'Reilly, H.-G. Beyer, R. Standish, G. Kendall, S. Wilson, M. Harman, J. Wegener, D. Dasgupta, M. A. Potter, A. C. Schultz, K. Dowsland, N. Jonoska, and J. Miller, editors, Genetic and Evolutionary Computation - GECCO-2003, volume 2724 of LNCS, pages 1702-1714, Chicago, 12-16 July 2003. Springer-Verlag.

138

W. B. Langdon, S. J. Barrett, and B. F. Buxton.
Predicting biochemical interactions - human p450 2d6 enzyme inhibition.
In Ruhul Sarker, Robert Reynolds, Hussein Abbass, Kay Chen Tan, Bob McKay, Daryl Essam, and Tom Gedeon, editors, Proceedings of the 2003 Congress on Evolutionary Computation CEC2003, pages 807-814, Canberra, 8-12 December 2003. IEEE Press.

139

W. B. Langdon.
Global distributed evolution of l-systems fractals.
In Maarten Keijzer, Una-May O'Reilly, Simon M. Lucas, Ernesto Costa, and Terence Soule, editors, Genetic Programming, Proceedings of EuroGP'2004, volume 3003 of LNCS, pages 349-358, Coimbra, Portugal, 5-7 April 2004. Springer-Verlag.

140

William B. Langdon and Riccardo Poli.
Evolutionary solo pong players.
In David Corne, Zbigniew Michalewicz, Marco Dorigo, Gusz Eiben, David Fogel, Carlos Fonseca, Garrison Greenwood, Tan Kay Chen, Guenther Raidl, Ali Zalzala, Simon Lucas, Ben Paechter, Jennifier Willies, Juan J. Merelo Guervos, Eugene Eberbach, Bob McKay, Alastair Channon, Ashutosh Tiwari, L. Gwenn Volkert, Dan Ashlock, and Marc Schoenauer, editors, Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, volume 3, pages 2621-2628, Edinburgh, UK, 2-5 September 2005. IEEE Press.

141

William B. Langdon and Riccardo Poli.
Evolving problems to learn about particle swarm and other optimisers.
In David Corne, Zbigniew Michalewicz, Marco Dorigo, Gusz Eiben, David Fogel, Carlos Fonseca, Garrison Greenwood, Tan Kay Chen, Guenther Raidl, Ali Zalzala, Simon Lucas, Ben Paechter, Jennifier Willies, Juan J. Merelo Guervos, Eugene Eberbach, Bob McKay, Alastair Channon, Ashutosh Tiwari, L. Gwenn Volkert, Dan Ashlock, and Marc Schoenauer, editors, Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, volume 1, pages 81-88, Edinburgh, UK, 2-5 September 2005. IEEE Press.

142

W. B. Langdon.
Pfeiffer - a distributed open-ended evolutionary system.
In Bruce Edmonds, Nigel Gilbert, Steven Gustafson, David Hales, and Natalio Krasnogor, editors, AISB'05: Proceedings of the Joint Symposium on Socially Inspired Computing (METAS 2005), pages 7-13, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK, 12-15 April 2005.
SSAISB 2005 Convention.

143

W. B. Langdon, Riccardo Poli, Owen Holland, and Thiemo Krink.
Understanding particle swarm optimisation by evolving problem landscapes.
In Luca Maria Gambardella, Payman Arabshahi, and Alcherio Martinoli, editors, Proceedings SIS 2005 IEEE Swarm Intelligence, pages 30-37, Pasadena, California, USA, 8-10 June 2005. IEEE.

144

W. B. Langdon.
The distribution of amorphous computer outputs.
In Susan Stepney and Stephen Emmott, editors, The Grand Challenge in Non-Classical Computation: International Workshop, York, UK, 18-19 April 2005.

145

W. B. Langdon and R. Poli.
The halting probability in von Neumann architectures.
In Pierre Collet, Marco Tomassini, Marc Ebner, Steven Gustafson, and Anikó Ekárt, editors, Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Genetic Programming, volume 3905 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 225-237, Budapest, Hungary, 10 - 12 April 2006. Springer.

146

William B. Langdon and Riccardo Poli.
On Turing complete t7 and misc f-4 program fitness landscapes.
In Dirk V. Arnold, Thomas Jansen, Michael D. Vose, and Jonathan E. Rowe, editors, Theory of Evolutionary Algorithms, number 06061 in Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Dagstuhl, Germany, 5-10 February 2006. Internationales Begegnungs- und Forschungszentrum fuer Informatik (IBFI), Schloss Dagstuhl, Germany.

http://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2006/595

[date of citation: 2006-01-01].

147

William B. Langdon and Riccardo Poli.
Finding social landscapes for psos via kernels.
In Gary G. Yen, Lipo Wang, Piero Bonissone, and Simon M. Lucas, editors, Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, pages 6118-6125, Vancouver, 6-21 July 2006. IEEE Press.

148

William B. Langdon and Wolfgang Banzhaf.
A SIMD interpreter for genetic programming on GPU graphics cards.
In Michael O'Neill, Leonardo Vanneschi, Steven Gustafson, Anna Isabel Esparcia Alcazar, Ivanoe De Falco, Antonio Della Cioppa, and Ernesto Tarantino, editors, Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Genetic Programming, EuroGP 2008, volume 4971 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 73-85, Naples, 26-28 March 2008. Springer.

149

W. B. Langdon, R. da Silva Camargo, and A. P. Harrison.
Spatial defects in 5896 HG-U133A GeneChips.
In Joaquin Dopazo, Ana Conesa, Fatima Al Shahrour, and David Montener, editors, Critical Assesment of Microarray Data, Valencia, 13-14 December 2007.
Presented at EMERALD Workshop.

150

W. B. Langdon.
A fast high quality pseudo random number generator for graphics processing units.
In Jun Wang, editor, 2008 IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, pages 459-465, Hong Kong, 1-6 June 2008. IEEE.

151

W. B. Langdon.
Evolving GeneChip correlation predictors on parallel graphics hardware.
In Jun Wang, editor, 2008 IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, pages 4152-4157, Hong Kong, 1-6 June 2008. IEEE Computational Intelligence Society, IEEE Press.

152

W. B. Langdon, A. P. Harrison, and Olivia Sanchez Graillet.
RNAnet a map of human gene expression.
In EMBO-2008, Heidelberg, 15-18 Nov 2008.
Abstract presented.

153

William B. Langdon, J. Rowsell, and A. P. Harrison.
Creating regular expressions as mrna motifs with gp to predict human exon splitting.
In Guenther Raidl, Franz Rothlauf, Giovanni Squillero, Rolf Drechsler, Thomas Stuetzle, Mauro Birattari, Clare Bates Congdon, Martin Middendorf, Christian Blum, Carlos Cotta, Peter Bosman, Joern Grahl, Joshua Knowles, David Corne, Hans-Georg Beyer, Ken Stanley, Julian F. Miller, Jano van Hemert, Tom Lenaerts, Marc Ebner, Jaume Bacardit, Michael O'Neill, Massimiliano Di Penta, Benjamin Doerr, Thomas Jansen, Riccardo Poli, and Enrique Alba, editors, GECCO '09: Proceedings of the 11th Annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, pages 1789-1790, Montreal, 8-12 July 2009. ACM.

154

W. B. Langdon.
A fast high quality pseudo random number generator for nVidia CUDA.
In Garnett Wilson, editor, CIGPU workshop at GECCO, pages 2511-2513, Montreal, 8 July 2009. ACM.

155

W. B. Langdon.
A many threaded CUDA interpreter for genetic programming.
In Anna Isabel Esparcia-Alcazar, Aniko Ekart, Sara Silva, Stephen Dignum, and A. Sima Uyar, editors, Proceedings of the 13th European Conference on Genetic Programming, EuroGP 2010, volume 6021 of LNCS, pages 146-158, Istanbul, 7-9 April 2010. Springer.

156

W. B. Langdon and M. Harman.
Evolving a CUDA kernel from an nVidia template.
In Pilar Sobrevilla, editor, 2010 IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, pages 2376-2383, Barcelona, 18-23 July 2010. IEEE.

157

W. B. Langdon.
Elementary bit string mutation landscapes.
In Hans-Georg Beyer and W. B. Langdon, editors, Foundations of Genetic Algorithms, pages 25-41, Schwarzenberg, Austria, 5-9 January 2011. ACM.

158

William B. Langdon.
Generalisation in genetic programming.
In Natalio Krasnogor, Pier Luca Lanzi, Andries Engelbrecht, David Pelta, Carlos Gershenson, Giovanni Squillero, Alex Freitas, Marylyn Ritchie, Mike Preuss, Christian Gagne, Yew Soon Ong, Guenther Raidl, Marcus Gallager, Jose Lozano, Carlos Coello-Coello, Dario Landa Silva, Nikolaus Hansen, Silja Meyer-Nieberg, Jim Smith, Gus Eiben, Ester Bernado-Mansilla, Will Browne, Lee Spector, Tina Yu, Jeff Clune, Greg Hornby, Man-Leung Wong, Pierre Collet, Steve Gustafson, Jean-Paul Watson, Moshe Sipper, Simon Poulding, Gabriela Ochoa, Marc Schoenauer, Carsten Witt, and Anne Auger, editors, GECCO '11: Proceedings of the 13th annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation, page 205, Dublin, Ireland, 12-16 July 2011. ACM.

159

William B. Langdon.
Debugging CUDA.
In Simon Harding, W. B. Langdon, Man Leung Wong, Garnett Wilson, and Tony Lewis, editors, GECCO 2011 Computational intelligence on consumer games and graphics hardware (CIGPU), pages 415-422, Dublin, 13 July 2011. ACM.

160

W. B. Langdon.
Performing with CUDA.
In Simon Harding, W. B. Langdon, Man Leung Wong, Garnett Wilson, and Tony Lewis, editors, GECCO 2011 Computational intelligence on consumer games and graphics hardware (CIGPU), pages 423-430, Dublin, 13 July 2011. ACM.

161

W. B. Langdon, Shin Yoo, and M. Harman.
Formal concept analysis on graphics hardware.
In Amedeo Napoli and Vilem Vychodil, editors, The Eighth International Conference on Concept Lattices and Their Applications, pages 413-416, Nancy, France, 17-21 October 2011. INRIA Nancy and LORIA.

162

W. B. Langdon and M.J. Arno.
In Silico infection of the human genome.
In Mario Giacobini, Leonardo Vanneschi, and William S. Bush, editors, 10th European Conference on Evolutionary Computation, Machine Learning and Data Mining in Bioinformatics, EvoBIO 2012, volume 7246 of LNCS, pages 245-249, Malaga, Spain, 11-13 April 2012. Springer Verlag.

163

W. B. Langdon.
Genetic improvement of programs.
In Radomil Matousek, editor, 18th International Conference on Soft Computing, MENDEL 2012, Brno, Czech Republic, 27-29 June 2012. Brno University of Technology.
Invited keynote.

164

W. B. Langdon.
Which is faster: Bowtie2GP

Bowtie

Bowtie2

BWA.
In Francisco Luna, editor, GECCO 2013 Late breaking abstracts workshop, pages 1741-1742, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 6-10 July 2013. ACM.

165

W. B. Langdon.
Correlation of microarray probes give evidence for mycoplasma contamination in human studies.
In Stephen L. Smith, Stefano Cagnoni, and Robert M. Patton, editors, GECCO-2013 Workshop: MedGEC Medical Applications of Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, pages 1447-1454, Amsterdam, 6-10 July 2013. ACM.

166

W. B. Langdon.
Artificial evolution 2013.
In Pierrick Legrand, Marc-Michel Corsini, Jin-Kao Hao, Nicolas Monmarche, Evelyne Lutton, and Marc Schoenauer, editors, Artificial Evolution, EA 2013, volume 8752 of LNCS, pages v-vii, Bordeaux, France, 21-23 October 2013. Springer.
Invited preface.

167

William B. Langdon and Mark Harman.
Genetically improved CUDA C++ software.
In Miguel Nicolau, Krzysztof Krawiec, Malcolm I. Heywood, Mauro Castelli, Pablo Garcia-Sanchez, Juan J. Merelo, Victor M. Rivas Santos, and Kevin Sim, editors, 17th European Conference on Genetic Programming, volume 8599 of LNCS, pages 87-99, Granada, Spain, 23-25 April 2014. Springer.

168

William B. Langdon, Marc Modat, Justyna Petke, and Mark Harman.
Improving 3D medical image registration CUDA software with genetic programming.
In Christian Igel, Dirk V. Arnold, Christian Gagne, Elena Popovici, Anne Auger, Jaume Bacardit, Dimo Brockhoff, Stefano Cagnoni, Kalyanmoy Deb, Benjamin Doerr, James Foster, Tobias Glasmachers, Emma Hart, Malcolm I. Heywood, Hitoshi Iba, Christian Jacob, Thomas Jansen, Yaochu Jin, Marouane Kessentini, Joshua D. Knowles, William B. Langdon, Pedro Larranaga, Sean Luke, Gabriel Luque, John A. W. McCall, Marco A. Montes de Oca, Alison Motsinger-Reif, Yew Soon Ong, Michael Palmer, Konstantinos E. Parsopoulos, Guenther Raidl, Sebastian Risi, Guenther Ruhe, Tom Schaul, Thomas Schmickl, Bernhard Sendhoff, Kenneth O. Stanley, Thomas Stuetzle, Dirk Thierens, Julian Togelius, Carsten Witt, and Christine Zarges, editors, GECCO '14: Proceeding of the sixteenth annual conference on genetic and evolutionary computation conference, pages 951-958, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 12-15 July 2014. ACM.

169

William B. Langdon.
Genetic improvement of programs.
In Franz Winkler, Viorel Negru, Tetsuo Ida, Tudor Jebelean, Dana Petcu, Stephen Watt, and Daniela Zaharie, editors, 16th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (SYNASC 2014), pages 14-19, Timisoara, 22-25 September 2014. IEEE.
Keynote.

170

William B. Langdon, Brian Yee Hong Lam, Justyna Petke, and Mark Harman.
Improving CUDA DNA analysis software with genetic programming.
In Sara Silva, Anna I Esparcia-Alcazar, Manuel Lopez-Ibanez, Sanaz Mostaghim, Jon Timmis, Christine Zarges, Luis Correia, Terence Soule, Mario Giacobini, Ryan Urbanowicz, Youhei Akimoto, Tobias Glasmachers, Francisco Fernandez de Vega, Amy Hoover, Pedro Larranaga, Marta Soto, Carlos Cotta, Francisco B. Pereira, Julia Handl, Jan Koutnik, Antonio Gaspar-Cunha, Heike Trautmann, Jean-Baptiste Mouret, Sebastian Risi, Ernesto Costa, Oliver Schuetze, Krzysztof Krawiec, Alberto Moraglio, Julian F. Miller, Pawel Widera, Stefano Cagnoni, JJ Merelo, Emma Hart, Leonardo Trujillo, Marouane Kessentini, Gabriela Ochoa, Francisco Chicano, and Carola Doerr, editors, GECCO '15: Proceedings of the 2015 Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, pages 1063-1070, Madrid, 11-15 July 2015. ACM.

171

William B. Langdon and Mark Harman.
Grow and graft a better CUDA pknotsRG for RNA pseudoknot free energy calculation.
In William B. Langdon, Justyna Petke, and David R. White, editors, Genetic Improvement 2015 Workshop, pages 805-810, Madrid, 11-15 July 2015. ACM.

172

W. B. Langdon.
Genetic improvement of software for multiple objectives.
In Yvan Labiche and Marcio Barros, editors, SSBSE, volume 9275 of LNCS, pages 12-28, Bergamo, Italy, September 5-7 2015. Springer.
Invited keynote.

173

William B. Langdon and Justyna Petke.
Software is not fragile.
In Pierre Parrend, Paul Bourgine, and Pierre Collet, editors, Complex Systems Digital Campus E-conference, CS-DC'15, Proceedings in Complexity, pages 203-211. Springer, September 30-October 1 2015.
Invited talk.

174

William B. Langdon and Gabriela Ochoa.
Genetic improvement: A key challenge for evolutionary computation.
In Yun Li, editor, Key Challenges and Future Directions of Evolutionary Computation, pages 3068-3075, Vancouver, 25-29 July 2016. IEEE.

175

William B. Langdon, Albert Vilella, Brian Yee Hong Lam, Justyna Petke, and Mark Harman.
Benchmarking genetically improved BarraCUDA on epigenetic methylation NGS datasets and nVidia GPUs.
In Justyna Petke, Westley Weimer, and David R. White, editors, Genetic Improvement 2016 Workshop, pages 1131-1132, Denver, July 20-24 2016. ACM.

176

William B. Langdon, Justyna Petke, and Bobby R. Bruce.
Optimising quantisation noise in energy measurement.
In Julia Handl, Emma Hart, Peter R. Lewis, Manuel Lopez-Ibanez, Gabriela Ochoa, and Ben Paechter, editors, 14th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature, volume 9921 of LNCS, pages 249-259, Edinburgh, 17-21 September 2016. Springer.

177

William B. Langdon.
Kin selection with twin genetic programming.
In Julia Handl, Emma Hart, Peter R. Lewis, Manuel Lopez-Ibanez, Gabriela Ochoa, and Ben Paechter, editors, 14th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature, volume 9921 of LNCS, pages 313-323, Edinburgh, 17-21 September 2016. Springer.

178

William B. Langdon, David R. White, Mark Harman, Yue Jia, and Justyna Petke.
API-constrained genetic improvement.
In Federica Sarro and Kalyanmoy Deb, editors, Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Search Based Software Engineering, SSBSE 2016, volume 9962 of LNCS, pages 224-230, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA, 8-10 October 2016. Springer.

179

William B. Langdon and Mark Harman.
Fitness landscape of the triangle program.
In Nadarajen Veerapen and Gabriela Ochoa, editors, PPSN-2016 Workshop on Landscape-Aware Heuristic Search, Edinburgh, 17 September 2016.
Also available as UCL RN/16/05.

180

William B. Langdon, Nadarajen Veerapen, and Gabriela Ochoa.
Visualising the search landscape of the triangle program.
In Mauro Castelli, James McDermott, and Lukas Sekanina, editors, EuroGP 2017, volume 10196 of LNCS, pages 96-113, Amsterdam, 19-21 April 2017. Springer.

181

William B. Langdon, Shin Yoo, and Mark Harman.
Inferring automatic test oracles.
In Juan P. Galeotti and Justyna Petke, editors, Search-Based Software Testing, pages 5-6, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 22-23 May 2017.

182

William B. Langdon.
Long-term evolution of genetic programming populations.
In GECCO 2017: The Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, pages 235-236, Berlin, 15-19 July 2017. ACM.

183

William B. Langdon and Ronny Lorenz.
Improving SSE parallel code with grow and graft genetic programming.
In Justyna Petke, David R. White, W. B. Langdon, and Westley Weimer, editors, GI-2017, pages 1537-1538, Berlin, 15-19 July 2017. ACM.

184

William B. Langdon and Karina Zile.
Genetic improvement of computational biology software.
In Jose Santos, Julia Handl, Amarda Shehu, and Mostafa Ellabaan, editors, Evolutionary Computation in Computational Biology, pages 1657-1660, Berlin, 15-19 July 2017.

185

William B. Langdon, Justyna Petke, and Ronny Lorenz.
Evolving better RNAfold structure prediction.
In Mauro Castelli, Lukas Sekanina, and Mengjie Zhang, editors, EuroGP 2018: Proceedings of the 21st European Conference on Genetic Programming, volume 10781 of LNCS, pages 220-236, Parma, Italy, 4-6 April 2018. Springer Verlag.

186

William B. Langdon and Justyna Petke.
Evolving better software parameters.
In Thelma Elita Colanzi and Phil McMinn, editors, SSBSE 2018 Hot off the Press Track, volume 11036 of LNCS, pages 363-369, Montpellier, France, 8-9 September 2018. Springer.

187

William B. Langdon and Ronny Lorenz.
Evolving AVX512 parallel C code using GP.
In Lukas Sekanina, Ting Hu, and Nuno Lourenco, editors, EuroGP 2019: Proceedings of the 22nd European Conference on Genetic Programming, volume 11451 of LNCS, pages 245-261, Leipzig, Germany, 24-26 April 2019. Springer Verlag.

188

W. B. Langdon and Justyna Petke.
Genetic improvement of data gives binary logarithm from sqrt.
In Richard Allmendinger, Carlos Cotta, Carola Doerr, Pietro S. Oliveto, Thomas Weise, Ales Zamuda, Anne Auger, Dimo Brockhoff, Nikolaus Hansen, Tea Tusar, Konstantinos Varelas, David Camacho-Fernandez, Massimiliano Vasile, Annalisa Riccardi, Bilel Derbel, Ke Li, Xiaodong Li, Saul Zapotecas, Qingfu Zhang, Ozgur Akman, Khulood Alyahya, Juergen Branke, Jonathan Fieldsend, Tinkle Chugh, Jussi Hakanen, Josu Ceberio Uribe, Valentino Santucci, Marco Baioletti, John McCall, Emma Hart, Daniel R. Tauritz, John R. Woodward, Koichi Nakayama, Chika Oshima, Stefan Wagner, Michael Affenzeller, Eneko Osaba, Javier Del Ser, Pascal Kerschke, Boris Naujoks, Vanessa Volz, Anna I Esparcia-Alcazar, Riyad Alshammari, Erik Hemberg, Tokunbo Makanju, Brad Alexander, Saemundur O. Haraldsson, Markus Wagner, Silvino Fernandez Alzueta, Pablo Valledor Pellicer, Thomas Stuetzle, David Walker, Matt Johns, Nick Ross, Ed Keedwell, Masaya Nakata, Anthony Stein, Takato Tatsumi, Nadarajen Veerapen, Arnaud Liefooghe, Sebastien Verel, Gabriela Ochoa, Stephen Smith, Stefano Cagnoni, Robert M. Patton, William La Cava, Randal Olson, Patryk Orzechowski, Ryan Urbanowicz, Akira Oyama, Koji Shimoyama, Hemant Kumar Singh, Kazuhisa Chiba, Pramudita Satria Palar, Alma Rahat, Richard Everson, Handing Wang, Yaochu Jin, Marcus Gallagher, Mike Preuss, Olivier Teytaud, Fernando Lezama, Joao Soares, and Zita Vale, editors, GECCO '19: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, pages 413-414, Prague, Czech Republic, 13-17 July 2019. ACM.

189

William B. Langdon and Wolfgang Banzhaf.
Continuous long-term evolution of genetic programming.
In Rudolf Fuechslin, editor, Conference on Artificial Life (ALIFE 2019), pages 388-395, Newcastle, 29 July - 2 August 2019. MIT Press.

190

W. B. Langdon.
Genetic improvement of data gives double precision invsqrt.
In Brad Alexander, Saemundur O. Haraldsson, Markus Wagner, and John R. Woodward, editors, 7th edition of GI @ GECCO 2019, pages 1709-1714, Prague, Czech Republic, July 13-17 2019. ACM.

191

W. B. Langdon.
Parallel GPQUICK.
In Carola Doerr, editor, GECCO '19: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, pages 63-64, Prague, Czech Republic, July 13-17 2019. ACM.

192

William B. Langdon and Oliver Krauss.
Evolving sqrt into 1/x via software data maintenance.
In Brad Alexander, Alexander (Sandy) Brownlee, Saemundur O. Haraldsson, Markus Wagner, and John R. Woodward, editors, 9th edition of GI @ GECCO 2020, pages 1928-1936, Internet, July 8-12 2020. ACM.

193

William B. Langdon.
Incremental evaluation in genetic programming.
In Ting Hu, Nuno Lourenco, and Eric Medvet, editors, EuroGP 2021: Proceedings of the 24th European Conference on Genetic Programming, volume 12691 of LNCS, pages 229-246, Virtual Event, 7-9 April 2021. Springer Verlag.

194

William B. Langdon.
Fitness first and fatherless crossover.
In GECCO 2021: The Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, Internet, 10-14 July 2021. ACM.
forthcoming.

195

Riccardo Poli and W. B. Langdon.
Genetic programming with one-point crossover.
In P. K. Chawdhry, R. Roy, and R. K. Pant, editors, Soft Computing in Engineering Design and Manufacturing, pages 180-189. Springer-Verlag London, 23-27 June 1997.

196

Riccardo Poli and W. B. Langdon.
An experimental analysis of schema creation, propagation and disruption in genetic programming.
In Thomas Back, editor, Genetic Algorithms: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference, pages 18-25, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA, 19-23 July 1997. Morgan Kaufmann.

197

Riccardo Poli, William B. Langdon, and Una-May O'Reilly.
Analysis of schema variance and short term extinction likelihoods.
In John R. Koza, Wolfgang Banzhaf, Kumar Chellapilla, Kalyanmoy Deb, Marco Dorigo, David B. Fogel, Max H. Garzon, David E. Goldberg, Hitoshi Iba, and Rick Riolo, editors, Genetic Programming 1998: Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference, pages 284-292, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 22-25 July 1998. Morgan Kaufmann.

198

Riccardo Poli and William B. Langdon.
On the search properties of different crossover operators in genetic programming.
In John R. Koza, Wolfgang Banzhaf, Kumar Chellapilla, Kalyanmoy Deb, Marco Dorigo, David B. Fogel, Max H. Garzon, David E. Goldberg, Hitoshi Iba, and Rick Riolo, editors, Genetic Programming 1998: Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference, pages 293-301, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 22-25 July 1998. Morgan Kaufmann.

199

Riccardo Poli and W. B. Langdon.
A review of theoretical and experimental results on schemata in genetic programming.
In Wolfgang Banzhaf, Riccardo Poli, Marc Schoenauer, and Terence C. Fogarty, editors, Proceedings of the First European Workshop on Genetic Programming, volume 1391 of LNCS, pages 1-15, Paris, 14-15 April 1998. Springer-Verlag.

200

Riccardo Poli, Jonathan Page, and W. B. Langdon.
Smooth uniform crossover, sub-machine code GP and demes: A recipe for solving high-order Boolean parity problems.
In Wolfgang Banzhaf, Jason Daida, Agoston E. Eiben, Max H. Garzon, Vasant Honavar, Mark Jakiela, and Robert E. Smith, editors, Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, volume 2, pages 1162-1169, Orlando, Florida, USA, 13-17 July 1999. Morgan Kaufmann.

201

J. Page, R. Poli, and W. B. Langdon.
Smooth uniform crossover with smooth point mutation in genetic programming: A preliminary study.
In Riccardo Poli, Peter Nordin, William B. Langdon, and Terence C. Fogarty, editors, Genetic Programming, Proceedings of EuroGP'99, volume 1598 of LNCS, pages 39-49, Goteborg, Sweden, 26-27 May 1999. Springer-Verlag.

202

Martijn C. J. Bot and William B. Langdon.
Application of genetic programming to induction of linear classification trees.
In Riccardo Poli, Wolfgang Banzhaf, William B. Langdon, Julian F. Miller, Peter Nordin, and Terence C. Fogarty, editors, Genetic Programming, Proceedings of EuroGP'2000, volume 1802 of LNCS, pages 247-258, Edinburgh, 15-16 April 2000. Springer-Verlag.

203

A. Loizides, M. Slater, and W. B. Langdon.
Measuring facial emotional expressions using genetic programming.
In Rajkumar Roy, Mario Köppen, Seppo Ovaska, Takeshi Furuhashi, and Frank Hoffmann, editors, Soft Computing and Industry Recent Applications, pages 545-554. Springer-Verlag, 10-24 September 2001.
Published 2002.

204

Alden Wright, Riccardo Poli, Christopher R. Stephens, W. B. Langdon, and Sandeep Pulavarty.
An estimation of distribution algorithm based on maximum entropy.
In Kalyanmoy Deb, Riccardo Poli, Wolfgang Banzhaf, Hans-Georg Beyer, Edmund Burke, Paul Darwen, Dipankar Dasgupta, Dario Floreano, James Foster, Mark Harman, Owen Holland, Pier Luca Lanzi, Lee Spector, Andrea Tettamanzi, Dirk Thierens, and Andy Tyrrell, editors, Genetic and Evolutionary Computation - GECCO-2004, Part II, volume 3103 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 343-354, Seattle, WA, USA, 26-30 June 2004. Springer-Verlag.

205

Riccardo Poli, William B. Langdon, and Owen Holland.
Extending particle swarm optimisation via genetic programming.
In Maarten Keijzer, Andrea Tettamanzi, Pierre Collet, Jano I. van Hemert, and Marco Tomassini, editors, Proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Genetic Programming, volume 3447 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 291-300, Lausanne, Switzerland, 30 March - 1 April 2005. Springer.

206

Riccardo Poli and William B. Langdon.
Backward-chaining genetic programming.
In Hans-Georg Beyer, Una-May O'Reilly, Dirk V. Arnold, Wolfgang Banzhaf, Christian Blum, Eric W. Bonabeau, Erick Cantu-Paz, Dipankar Dasgupta, Kalyanmoy Deb, James A. Foster, Edwin D. de Jong, Hod Lipson, Xavier Llora, Spiros Mancoridis, Martin Pelikan, Guenther R. Raidl, Terence Soule, Andy M. Tyrrell, Jean-Paul Watson, and Eckart Zitzler, editors, GECCO 2005: Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, volume 2, pages 1777-1778, Washington DC, USA, 25-29 June 2005. ACM Press.

207

Riccardo Poli, Cecilia Di Chio, and William B. Langdon.
Exploring extended particle swarms: a genetic programming approach.
In Hans-Georg Beyer, Una-May O'Reilly, Dirk V. Arnold, Wolfgang Banzhaf, Christian Blum, Eric W. Bonabeau, Erick Cantu-Paz, Dipankar Dasgupta, Kalyanmoy Deb, James A. Foster, Edwin D. de Jong, Hod Lipson, Xavier Llora, Spiros Mancoridis, Martin Pelikan, Guenther R. Raidl, Terence Soule, Andy M. Tyrrell, Jean-Paul Watson, and Eckart Zitzler, editors, GECCO 2005: Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, volume 1, pages 169-176, Washington DC, USA, 25-29 June 2005. ACM Press.

208

S. J. Barrett and W. B. Langdon.
Advances in the application of machine learning techniques in drug discovery, design and development.
In Ashutosh Tiwari, Joshua Knowles, Erel Avineri, Keshav Dahal, and Rajkumar Roy, editors, Applications of Soft Computing: Recent Trends, volume 36 of Advances in Soft Computing, pages 99-110, On the World Wide Web, 19 September - 7 October 2005 2006. Springer.

209

Cecilia Di Chio, Riccardo Poli, and William B. Langdon.
Evolution of force-generating equations for pso using gp.
In Sara Manzoni, Matteo Palmonari, and Fabio Sartori, editors, AI*IA Workshop on Evolutionary Computation, Evoluzionistico GSICE05, University of Milan Bicocca, Italy, 20 September 2005.

210

R. Poli, A. H. Wright, N. F. McPhee, and W. B. Langdon.
Emergent behaviour, population-based search and low-pass filtering.
In 2006 IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, 2006 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, pages 395-402, Vancouver, 16-21 July 2006.

211

Riccardo Poli, William B. Langdon, Paul Marrow, Jim Kennedy, Maurice Clerc, Dan Bratton, and Nick Holden.
Communication, leadership, publicity and group formation in particle swarms.
In M. Dorigo, L.M. Gambardella, M. Birattari, A. Martinoli, R. Poli, and T. Stützle, editors, Ant Colony Optimization and Swarm Intelligence, 5th International Workshop, ANTS 2006, volume 4150 of LNCS, pages 132-143, Brussels, September 4-7 2006. Springer Verlag.

212

R. Poli, W. B. Langdon, M. Clerc, and C. R. Stephens.
Continuous optimisation theory made easy? finite-element models of evolutionary strategies, genetic algorithms and particle swarm optimizers.
In C. R. Stephens, editor, Foundations of Genetic Algorithms-9, volume 4436 of LNCS, pages 165-193, Mexico, 7-11 Jan 2007. Springer.

213

Riccardo Poli, William B. Langdon, and Stephen Dignum.
On the limiting distribution of program sizes in tree-based genetic programming.
In Marc Ebner, Michael O'Neill, Anikó Ekárt, Leonardo Vanneschi, and Anna Isabel Esparcia-Alcázar, editors, Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Genetic Programming, volume 4445 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 193-204, Valencia, Spain, 11-13 April 2007. Springer.
Best paper award.

214

Leslie Luthi, Marco Tomassini, Mario Giacobini, and William B. Langdon.
The genetic programming collaboration network and its communities.
In Dirk Thierens, Hans-Georg Beyer, Josh Bongard, Jurgen Branke, John Andrew Clark, Dave Cliff, Clare Bates Congdon, Kalyanmoy Deb, Benjamin Doerr, Tim Kovacs, Sanjeev Kumar, Julian F. Miller, Jason Moore, Frank Neumann, Martin Pelikan, Riccardo Poli, Kumara Sastry, Kenneth Owen Stanley, Thomas Stutzle, Richard A Watson, and Ingo Wegener, editors, GECCO '07: Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, volume 2, pages 1643-1650, London, 7-11 July 2007. ACM Press.

215

Riccardo Poli and William B. Langdon.
Markov chain models of bare-bones particle swarm optimizers.
In GECCO 2007: Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, pages 142-149, London, 7-11 July 2007. ACM Press.

216

Jose M. Arteaga-Salas, William B. Langdon, Graham J. G. Upton, and Andrew P. Harrison.
Identification of spatial biases in Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays.
In David P Kreil and Joaquin Dopazo, editors, CAMDA, pages 25-29, Vienna, 4-6 Dec 2008.

217

Olivia Sanchez-Graillet, William B. Langdon, and Andrew P. Harrison.
Effect of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in Affymetrix probes.
In David P Kreil and Joaquin Dopazo, editors, Critical Assessment of Microarray Data Analysis, pages 43-47, Vienna, 4-6 Dec 2008.

218

Mark Harman, Yue Jia, and William B. Langdon.
A manifesto for higher order mutation testing.
In Lydie du Bousquet, Jeremy Bradbury, and Gordon Fraser, editors, Mutation 2010, pages 80-89, Paris, 6 April 2010. IEEE Computer Society.
Keynote.

219

Mark Harman, Yue Jia, and William B. Langdon.
Strong higher order mutation-based test data generation.
In Andreas Zeller, editor, 8th joint meeting of the European Software Engineering Conference and the ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE 2011), pages 212-222, Szeged, Hungary, September 5-9 2011. ACM.

220

Mark Harman, William B. Langdon, Yue Jia, David R. White, Andrea Arcuri, and John A. Clark.
The GISMOE challenge: Constructing the Pareto program surface using genetic programming to find better programs.
In The 27th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE 12), pages 1-14, Essen, Germany, September 3-7 2012. ACM.

221

Mark Harman, Yue Jia, William B. Langdon, Justyna Petke, Iman Hemati Moghadam, Shin Yoo, and Fan Wu.
Genetic improvement for adaptive software engineering.
In Gregor Engels, editor, 9th International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems (SEAMS'14), pages 1-4, Hyderabad, India, 2-3 June 2014. ACM.
Keynote.

222

Yue Jia, Mark Harman, and Bill Langdon.
The GISMOE architecture.
In Yan Hu, Xiaochen Lai, Zhilei Ren, and Jifeng Xuan, editors, 2nd Chinese Search Based Software Engineering workshop, Dalian, China, 8-9 June 2013.
Invited keynote.

223

Justyna Petke, William B. Langdon, and Mark Harman.
Applying genetic improvement to MiniSAT.
In Guenther Ruhe and Yuanyuan Zhang, editors, Symposium on Search-Based Software Engineering, volume 8084 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 257-262, Leningrad, August 24-26 2013. Springer.
Short Papers.

224

Mark Harman, William B. Langdon, and Westley Weimer.
Genetic programming for reverse engineering.
In Rocco Oliveto and Romain Robbes, editors, 20th Working Conference on Reverse Engineering (WCRE 2013), pages 1-10, Koblenz, Germany, 14-17 October 2013. IEEE.
Invited Keynote.

225

Mark Harman, Yue Jia, and William B. Langdon.
Babel Pidgin: SBSE can grow and graft entirely new functionality into a real world system.
In Claire Le Goues and Shin Yoo, editors, Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium, on Search-Based Software Engineering, SSBSE 2014, volume 8636 of LNCS, pages 247-252, Fortaleza, Brazil, 26-29 August 2014. Springer.
Winner SSBSE 2014 Challange Track.

226

Mark Harman, Yue Jia, Jens Krinke, W. B. Langdon, Justyna Petke, and Yuanyuan Zhang.
Search based software engineering for software product line engineering: a survey and directions for future work.
In 18th International Software Product Line, SPLC 2014, pages 5-18, Florence, Italy, September 15-19 2014.
Invited keynote.

227

Yue Jia, Mark Harman, William B. Langdon, and Alexandru Marginean.
Grow and serve: Growing Django citation services using SBSE.
In Shin Yoo and Leandro Minku, editors, SSBSE 2015 Challenge Track, volume 9275 of LNCS, pages 269-275, Bergamo, Italy, 5-7 September 2015. Springer.

228

Oliver Krauss and W. B. Langdon.
Automatically evolving lookup tables for function approximation.
In Ting Hu, Nuno Lourenco, and Eric Medvet, editors, EuroGP 2020: Proceedings of the 23rd European Conference on Genetic Programming, volume 12101 of LNCS, pages 84-100, Seville, Spain, 15-17 April 2020. Springer Verlag.

D.2: Commercial Reports

229

W. B. Langdon.
Quick intro to simple-gp.c.
Internal Note IN/95/2, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK, 25 April 1994.

230

W. B. Langdon.
Pareto, population partitioning, price and genetic programming.
Research Note RN/95/29, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK, April 1995.

231

W. B. Langdon.
Directed crossover within genetic programming.
Research Note RN/95/71, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK, September 1995.

232

William B. Langdon and Adil Qureshi.
Genetic programming - computers using ``natural selection'' to generate programs.
Research Note RN/95/76, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK, October 1995.

233

W. B. Langdon.
Genetic programming and databases.
Internal Note IN/96/4, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK, 11 February 1996.

234

W. B. Langdon.
Evolution of genetic programming populations.
Research Note RN/96/125, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK, September 1996.

235

W. B. Langdon.
Fitness causes bloat in variable size representations.
Technical Report CSRP-97-14, University of Birmingham, School of Computer Science, 14 May 1997.
Position paper at the Workshop on Evolutionary Computation with Variable Size Representation at ICGA-97.

236

W. B. Langdon.
Better trained ants.
In Riccardo Poli, W. B. Langdon, Marc Schoenauer, Terry Fogarty, and Wolfgang Banzhaf, editors, Late Breaking Papers at EuroGP'98: the First European Workshop on Genetic Programming, pages 11-13, Paris, France, 14-15 April 1998. CSRP-98-10, The University of Birmingham, UK.

237

W. B. Langdon and R. Poli.
Better trained ants for genetic programming.
Technical Report CSRP-98-12, University of Birmingham, School of Computer Science, April 1998.

238

W. B. Langdon and R. Poli.
Why ``building blocks'' don't work on parity problems.
Technical Report CSRP-98-17, University of Birmingham, School of Computer Science, 13 July 1998.

239

W. B. Langdon.
Linear increase in tree height leads to sub-quadratic bloat.
In Thomas Haynes, William B. Langdon, Una-May O'Reilly, Riccardo Poli, and Justinian Rosca, editors, Foundations of Genetic Programming, pages 55-56, Orlando, Florida, USA, 13 July 1999.

240

W. B. Langdon.
Natural language text classification and filtering with trigrams and evolutionary nearest neighbour classifiers.
Technical Report SEN-R0022, Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica, Kruislaan 413, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands, July 2000.

241

W. B. Langdon.
Maximum product of non-negative numbers.
Technical Report RN/01/14, Computer Science, University College, London, 14 January 2001.
http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/W.Langdon/maxproduct.

242

W. B. Langdon.
Evolutionary data fusion.
Technical Report RN/01/19, University College, London, UK, 3 April 2001.

243

William B. Langdon.
Structure of the genetic programming search space.
Report 330, Dagstuhl, Germany, 13-18 January 2002.

244

W. B. Langdon and Riccardo Poli.
Removal of the man-machine interface bottleneck ``Do what I ment not what I said''.
In Grand Challenges for Computing, Edinburgh, 24-26 November 2002.
Discussion paper.

245

W. B. Langdon.
Comparison of DNAchip and computer vision data.
Technical Report RN/03/16, Computer Science, University College, London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, 20 September 2003.

246

W. B. Langdon.
Lindenmayer systems fractals evolved by Pfeiffer 10 September - 9 November 2003.
Research Note RN/04/13, University College, London, 19 July 2004.

247

W. B. Langdon.
Predicting ten thousand bits from ten thousand inputs.
Technical Report CSM-457, Department of Computer Science, University of Essex, Colchester, UK, 10 August 2006.

248

W. B. Langdon.
Row quantile normalisation of microarrays.
Technical Report CES-484, Departments of Mathematical, Biological Sciences and Computing and Electronic Systems, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK, 23 June 2008.

249

W. B. Langdon.
Genetic programming for drug discovery.
Technical Report CES-481, Computing and Electronic Systems, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK, 26 February 2008.

250

W. B. Langdon.
A CUDA SIMT interpreter for genetic programming.
Technical Report TR-09-05, Department of Computer Science, King's College London, Strand, WC2R 2LS, UK, 18 June 2009.
Revised.

251

W. B. Langdon and M. Harman.
Evolving a cuda kernel from an nvidia template.
Technical Report TR-10-07, Department of Computer Science, Crest Centre, King's College, London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK, 6 July 2010.
Invited presentation to the Natural Computing Applications Forum, http://www.ncaf.org.uk, 12-13 July 2010, Surrey University.

252

W. B. Langdon and M. Harman.
Using genetic programming to model software.
Technical Report RN/13/12, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK, 24 June 2013.

253

W. B. Langdon.
Computational intelligence and testing.
Technical Report RN/14/13, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK, 3 November 2014.

254

W. B. Langdon.
Long-term evolution of genetic programming populations.
Technical Report RN/17/05, University College, London, London, UK, 24 March 2017.
Also available as arXiv 1843365.

255

W. B. Langdon.
Evolving better RNAfold C source code.
Technical Report RN/17/08, University College, London, London, UK, 2017.
Also available as bioRxiv preprint 201640.

256

William B. Langdon and Ronny Lorenz.
CUDA RNAfold.
Technical Report RN/18/02, Computer Science, University College, London, Gower Street, London, 27 March 2018.

257

W. B. Langdon.
Genetic improvement GISMOE blue software tool demo.
Technical Report RN/18/06, University College, London, London, UK, 22 September 2018.

258

William B. Langdon.
Fast generation of big random binary trees.
Technical Report RN/20/01, Computer Science, University College, London, Gower Street, London, UK, 13 January 2020.

259

W. B. Langdon, Riccardo Poli, Peter Nordin, and Terry Fogarty, editors.
Late-Breaking Papers of EuroGP-99, Goteborg, Sweden, 26-27 May 1999.

260

Riccardo Poli, W. B. Langdon, Marc Schoenauer, Terry Fogarty, and Wolfgang Banzhaf, editors.
Late Breaking Papers at EuroGP'98: the First European Workshop on Genetic Programming, Paris, France, 14-15 April 1998.

261

Thomas Haynes, William B. Langdon, Una-May O'Reilly, Riccardo Poli, and Justinian Rosca, editors.
Foundations of Genetic Programming, Orlando, Florida, USA, 13 July 1999.

262

Fuey Sian Chong and W. B. Langdon.
Java based distributed genetic programming on the internet.
In Wolfgang Banzhaf, Jason Daida, Agoston E. Eiben, Max H. Garzon, Vasant Honavar, Mark Jakiela, and Robert E. Smith, editors, Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, volume 2, page 1229, Orlando, Florida, USA, 13-17 July 1999. Morgan Kaufmann.
Full text in technical report CSRP-99-7.

263

Robert Feldt, Michael O'Neill, Conor Ryan, Peter Nordin, and William B. Langdon.
GP-Beagle: a benchmarking problem repository for the genetic programming community.
In Darrell Whitley, editor, Late Breaking Papers at the 2000 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, pages 90-97, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, 8 July 2000.

264

Riccardo Poli and W. B. Langdon.
An elementary formulation of Riemann's zeta function.
Technical Report CSM-442, Computer Science, University of Essex, UK, December 2005.
Available as arXiv.org math.HO/0701160.

265

W. B. Langdon.
Genetic programming approach to benelearn 99: I.
In Peter van der Putten and Maarten van Someren, editors, The Benelearn 1999 Competition, page 3.5, Sociaal-Wetenschappelijke Informatica, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 2 November 1999.

266

W. B. Langdon.
Trends in evolutionary data mining, 21 January 2000.

267

Dynamics of evolutionary algorithms.
www, July 2001.

268

W. B. Langdon, B. F. Buxton, and S. J. Barrett.
Combining machine learning techniques to predict compounds' cytochrome p450 high throughput screening inhibition.
Knowledge Discovery meets Drug Discovery, 23 October 2002.
Poster.

269

W. B. Langdon.
Application of genetic programming in drug lead discovery.
8th Iberoamerican Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 12 November 2002.
Invited conference speaker.

270

W. B. Langdon.
Equations for human bioavailability and P450.
Given to CASS, 15 Oct 2003.
Confidential management report.

271

W. B. Langdon and B. F. Buxton.
The application of genetic programming for drug discovery in the pharmaceutical industry. EPSRC RAIS secondment with GlaxoSmithKline.
EPSRC project closing report, 24 November 2003.

272

W. B. Langdon.
A field guide to genetic programming, March 2008.
Thank you to Seminar 08051.

273

W. B. Langdon, Olivia Sanchez Graillet, and A. P. Harrison.
Automated DNA motif discovery.
arXiv, 30 January 2010.

274

W. B. Langdon.
Evo_Indent interactive evolution of GNU indent options.
In Late Breaking Papers at GECCO 2009:, pages 2081-2083, Montreal, 8-12 July 2009. ACM Press.

275

W. B. Langdon.
GPU working party: Slides presented at dagstuhl.
Dagstuhl Research Online Publication Service, 8 September 2010.
Seminar 10361 Theory of Evolutionary Algorithms.

276

William B. Langdon.
Theory and practice and co-evolution.
In Benjamin Doerr, Nikolaus Hansen, Jonathan L. Shapiro, and L. Darrell Whitley, editors, Theory of Evolutionary Algorithms (Dagstuhl Seminar 13271), volume 3, chapter 4.5, pages 24-25. Schloss Dagstuhl-Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, 1 July 2013.

277

Dimo Brockhoff, Joshua D. Knowles, and William B. Langdon.
Evolutionary multiobjective optimization.
In Benjamin Doerr, Nikolaus Hansen, Jonathan L. Shapiro, and L. Darrell Whitley, editors, Theory of Evolutionary Algorithms (Dagstuhl Seminar 13271), volume 3, chapter 4.1, pages 17-21. Schloss Dagstuhl-Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, Dagstuhl, Germany, 30 Aug 2013.

278

William B. Langdon and Justyna Petke.
Genetic improvement.
IEEE Software Blog, February 3 2016.

279

W. B. Langdon and Bob Davidson.
BarraCUDA in the cloud.
IEEE Software Blog, 8 January 2017.

280

W. B. Langdon.
Software improvement by data improvement.
IEEE Software Blog, 19 February 2019.

281

W. B. Langdon, Earl T. Barr, and Justyna Petke.
Bit-rot: Computer software degrades over time.
IEEE Software Blog, 11 March 2020.

282

W. B. Langdon.
Genetic improvement of genetic programming.
In Alexander (Sandy) Brownlee, Saemundur O. Haraldsson, Justyna Petke, and John R. Woodward, editors, GI @ CEC 2020 Special Session, page paper id24061, internet, 19-24 July 2020. IEEE Computational Intelligence Society, IEEE Press.

283

Sander M. Bohte, William B. Langdon, and Han La Poutre.
On current technology for information filtering and user profiling in agent-based systems, part I: A perspective.
TA internal, January 2000.

284

B. F. Buxton, W. B. Langdon, and S. J. Barrett.
Data fusion by intelligent classifier combination.
Measurement and Control, 34(8):229-234, October 2001.

285

Riccardo Poli and William B. Langdon.
Efficient markov chain model of machine code program execution and halting.
In Rick L. Riolo, Terence Soule, and Bill Worzel, editors, Genetic Programming Theory and Practice IV, volume 5 of Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, pages 257-278. Springer, Ann Arbor, 11-13 May 2006.

286

Justyna Petke, Mark Harman, William B. Langdon, and Westley Weimer.
Using genetic improvement & code transplants to specialise a c++ program to a problem class.
11th Annual Humies Awards 2014, 14 July 2014.
Winner Silver Humie.

287

Dimo Brockhoff, Arina Buzdalova, Kenneth De Jong, Carlos M. Fonseca, Tobias Friedrich, Hsien-Kuei Hwang, Joshua D. Knowles, W. B. Langdon, Frank Neumann, and Jonathan L. Shapiro.
From practice to theory.
Dagstuhl Seminar 15211, May 17-22 2015.

288

David Clark, W. B. Langdon, and Justyna Petke.
Software robustness: A survey, a theory, and some prospects.
Presented at Facebook Testing and Verification Symposium 2020, 1-3 December 2020.

D.3: Trade Journals

289

P. Bustin, W. B. Langdon, and Bernard Elbourn.
Sizing report for the company office system at thames valley park, british gas exploration and production.
Confidential performance report, 19 July 1991.

290

Bill Langdon and Chris Clack.
Software - the next generation: Grow your own programs.
white paper, UCL, Andersen Consulting, University College London, Gower Street, London, April 1997.

291

W. B. Langdon and R. Poli.
Genetic programming in europe.
Report of the EvoGP Working Group on Genetic Programming of the European Network of Excellence in Evolutionary Computing, 30 November 1997.

292

W. B. Langdon.
Prediction.
Technical report, Commercial, 2001.

293

W. B. Langdon.
Recovering corrupted files-11 directories.
The Globalpages, pages 24-25, December 1986.
DECUS UK VMS Special Interest Group.

294

W. B. Langdon.
Odd problems with installing fortran.
The Globalpages, pages 26-27, December 1986.
DECUS UK VMS Special Interest Group.

295

W. B. Langdon.
The native mode restore.
The Globalpages, page 28, December 1986.
DECUS UK VMS Special Interest Group.

296

W. B. Langdon.
ODS-2 specification wanted.
PAGESWAPPER, 8(8):VAX 47-48, March 1987.
DECUS USA VMS Special Interest Group.

297

W. B. Langdon.
Response to december ``bag of tricks''.
Multi-Tasker, pages RSX-15, May 1987.
DECUS USA RSX Special Interest Group.

298

W. B. Langdon.
Installing new products with an old VMSINSTAL.
The Globalpages, page 12, March 1987.
DECUS UK VMS Special Interest Group.

299

W. B. Langdon.
Problems with installing VAX-11 RSX version 2.2.
The Globalpages, page 13, March 1987.
DECUS UK VMS Special Interest Group.

300

W. B. Langdon.
A simple comparison of VAX and microVAX RSX.
The Globalpages, pages 109-111, January 1988.
DECUS UK VMS Special Interest Group.

301

W. B. Langdon.

control-Y

cancels X-off, doesn't it?
The Globalpages, pages 106-107, January 1988.
DECUS UK VMS Special Interest Group.

302

W. B. Langdon.
Patching MVE VMS 4.4 to support SI disks.
The Globalpages, page 108, January 1988.
DECUS UK VMS Special Interest Group.

303

W. B. Langdon.
Application software standards.
PAGESWAPPER, 9(5):VAX 31, December 1987.
DECUS USA VMS Special Interest Group.

Bill LANGDON 2021-03-27

	1980-89	Central Electricity Research Laboratories, Research Officer, distributed real time database for process control.
	1989-93	Logica, Project Manager/Team leader/Technical co-ordinator for network and office automation projects and regional gas control system.
	1993-96	University College London, research into the evolution and use of data structures, and scheduling maintenance of electricity transmission networks.
	1996-98	University of Birmingham, research on understanding and means of improving evolutionary computation techniques.
	1998-2000	CWI, Research on Evolutionary techniques, particularly their use within multi-agent systems for e-commerce, internet trading, user profiling and data mining.
	2000-2003	UCL, Research on data mining particularly for pharmaceuticals
	2004-2006	University of Essex, eXtening Particle Swarms
	2006-2008	University of Essex, Alternative splicing via GeneChips
	2008-2010	King's College, London, Higher Order Mutation Testing and Genetic Interface Programming
	2010-	University College, London, Genetic Improvement of Software

	EvoStar 2008 Award	in recognition of the most outstanding contribution to Evolutionary Computation.
	Prizes awarded	Fellow of the International Society for Genetic & Evolutionary Computation.
		Human Competitive Award 2014 ``Humie'' [286]
		Winner SSBSE 2014 best challenge track paper [225]
		Worshipful Company of Scientific Instrument Makers for best paper published in their journal (2001) [284].
		Best paper at Italian AI*IA 2005 Workshop on Evolutionary Computation
		Honor Award WSC conference (1997) [117].