rel0
|
Ticket vending machine.Machine type
|
device_constraint |
Ticket vending machine.Payment method
|
|
rel1
|
Ticket.Ticket type
|
affects |
Ticket.Period of validity
|
|
rel2
|
Ticket.Period of validity
|
affects |
Journey.Price
|
|
rel3
|
Ticket.Time of issue
|
affects |
Ticket.Price
|
|
rel4
|
Ticket.Traveller age status
|
affects |
Ticket.Price
|
|
rel5
|
Line.Name
|
maps_onto |
Line.Colour
|
|
rel6
|
Zone
|
consists_of |
Zone.Stations enclosed
|
|
rel7
|
Journey.Time of travel
|
affects |
Journey.Price
|
|
rel8
|
Journey.Zones crossed
|
affects |
Journey.Price
|
|
Relns: actor in upright, acted-on in italics.
|
Journey
|
hard |
hard |
|
present |
difficult |
present |
|
Apart from Single or Return journeys to individual zones, specifying the end and start of a journey (even from the same station as where purchased) is not easy. Travelcard journeys can be extended with the Single Zone Extension ticket (and now with pre-paid Oyster cards). |
Day of travel
|
easy |
cant |
|
present |
difficult |
present |
|
Weekday, weekend, period. Once purchased, cannot be changed. |
Destination station
|
hard |
cant |
|
present |
difficult |
present |
|
The FFM does not allow selection of particular stations, and doing so on the MFM is a lengthier process than zone destinations |
Destination zone
|
easy |
cant |
|
difficult |
present |
present |
|
It is much easier to select a destination zone than a particular station, and at offpeak times the MFM will sell a travalcard in place of a retrun, when it is the same price or less. But zone maps are often some distance from the machines. |
Line(s)
|
fixed |
fixed |
|
|
Lines used on a journey are essential for navigation, but play no part in ticketing |
Means of travel
|
fixed |
fixed |
|
present |
difficult |
present |
|
Underground train, overground train, DLR, bus, tram. Travelcards allow all-means travel. |
Price
|
fixed |
fixed |
rel2
rel7
rel8
|
present |
difficult |
present |
|
The price of a journey is not necessarily the same as that of the ticket (e.g. for returns and travelcards). Prices per journey decrease substantially with travelcards on increased usage. |
Source station
|
fixed |
indirect |
|
|
The source station does not appear on either machine interface |
Source zone
|
fixed |
indirect |
|
|
Nor does the source zone, even though knowing which zones will be crossed on one's journey is and important part of both machine usage. |
Time of travel
|
hard |
cant |
rel7
|
present |
difficult |
present |
|
The transition from peak to off-peak pricing is not shown on either machine interface |
Zones crossed
|
hard |
cant |
rel8
|
|
Determining the number of zones crossed for a particular journey is difficult, and not shown on the machine interfaces, for any particular journey |
Line
|
fixed |
fixed |
|
|
The lines on the 'tube map' play little part in ticketing or ticket pricing |
Colour
|
fixed |
fixed |
rel5
|
|
Line colours do not even appear in Stations or on trains, for the most part |
Name
|
fixed |
fixed |
rel5
|
|
Though essential for navigation, the names of tube lines do not appear on the TVM interfaces |
Purchaser
|
easy |
easy |
|
|
E.g. child tickets may be purchased by an adult |
Age
|
fixed |
easy |
|
|
It is easy for an Adult to purchase a Child ticket. Family tickets are much cheaper than combinations of Adult and Child tickets |
Station
|
fixed |
fixed |
|
|
Many 'underground' stations are wholly above ground |
Ticket
|
fixed |
fixed |
|
|
Tickets can be purchases at time of travel, or (for Travelcards) in advance. Travelcard usage is time of day dependent |
Date of issue
|
fixed |
fixed |
|
present |
difficult |
present |
|
Date and time of issue is normally the same as purchase |
Payment method
|
fixed |
fixed |
|
present |
difficult |
present |
|
Counter, ticket machine, internet. |
Period of validity
|
fixed |
cant |
rel2
rel1
|
present |
difficult |
present |
|
Period of validity cannot be changed, e.g. by extending a weekly ticket for one day |
Price
|
fixed |
fixed |
rel3
rel4
|
|
Though cheaper deals can be obtained, e.g. by waiting until 9.30 am |
Ticket type
|
fixed |
cant |
rel1
|
present |
difficult |
present |
|
The range of ticke types is complex and extensive, and not at all obvious from the machine interfaces. Some tickets types (e.g. Family cards) are 'buried' several interface layers deep. |
Time of issue
|
fixed |
fixed |
rel3
|
present |
difficult |
present |
|
|
Traveller age status
|
fixed |
fixed |
rel4
|
present |
difficult |
present |
|
Traveller age (Infant, Child, Young Person, Student, OAP, Adult) can affect price |
Ticket vending machine
|
bySys |
bySys |
|
|
|
Machine type
|
bySys |
bySys |
rel0
|
difficult |
present |
present |
|
There are three types of machine: FFM (Few Fare Machine), MFM (Multi-Fare Machine) and QB (Queue-Buster). Choice of which machine to use under which circumstances (e.g. stations/zones served, payment methods accepted) is not a trivial issue. |
Open/closed status
|
fixed |
cant |
|
present |
difficult |
present |
|
Open/closed status is also hard to discern, and the user has no influence over it. |
Payment method
|
fixed |
fixed |
rel0
|
present |
difficult |
present |
|
The particular payment methods which any machine accepts is not easy to discern. (FFM is coins only; MFM is coins, notes or cards; QB is cards only) |
Payment status
|
fixed |
cant |
|
present |
difficult |
present |
|
Payment status (change availability, notes acceptance, cards acceptance) is not easy to discern while at the machine (because above the user's head), and cannot be set or changed by the user. |
Traveller
|
easy |
easy |
|
|
The traveller may not be the same person as the purchaser (e.g. for family tickets). Underground tickets are not transferrable (even though weekly and longer season tickets require photo id). |
(Dis)ability
|
cant |
cant |
|
|
The London Underground is accessible to wheelchair users only at a few older stations and on the Jubilee Line Extension. |
Age of Traveller
|
easy |
easy |
|
present |
difficult |
present |
|
There are insufficient checks on Adult/Child age status; Child tickets are less than half that of Adult tickets. |
Zone
|
fixed |
fixed |
rel6
|
difficult |
difficult |
present |
|
Ticket pricing is heavily dependent on Zone boundaries, which have only loose correspondence to geography. Travelcards allow unlimited travel within specified zones. |
Name
|
fixed |
fixed |
|
|
1 to 6 and (for Metropolitan Line) A to D |
Stations enclosed
|
fixed |
fixed |
rel6
|
|
The zone in which destination stations fall is not shown on either machine interface (but may be on a worn and small paper map on the MFM casing). It is only recently that tube maps showed zone boundaries, and larger maps in stations may be some distance from the machines. |